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T & B Cell Signal Transduction & Cytokines Notes – Immunology Class 9

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Comprehensive Immunology Notes: T & B Cell Signal Transduction & Cytokine Pathways Detailed, highly structured study guide covering advanced immune cell signaling mechanisms, antigen receptor cascades, and cytokine receptor pathways. Perfect for medical, pre-med, veterinary, and life sciences students preparing for immunology exams or quick review. Key Topics Covered: Immunological Synapse: Structure, formation, and functions. T-Cell Downstream Pathways: Ras-ERK (MAPK), Vav-Rac-JNK, DAG-PKC, and NF-κB activation. Key Transcription Factors: NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1 activation in T lymphocytes. Signal Regulation & Metabolism: Role of phosphatases and metabolic shifts during T-cell activation. B-Cell Receptor (BCR) Signaling: Structure, Syk activation, downstream cascades, and ubiquitination termination. Cytokines & JAK-STAT Pathway: Cytokine receptor families, JAK kinase phosphorylation, STAT dimerization, and canonical vs. non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Why choose these notes? Includes step-by-step pathway diagrams and clear summaries of complex signal cascades. Excellent table-of-contents structure for fast exam prep and concept lookup

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USFQ · Inmunología

,ÍNDICE
1. Sinapsis inmunológica

2. Funciones de la sinapsis

3. Vía Ras–ERK

4. Vía Vav–Rac–JNK

5. PLCγ1, IP3 y Ca²⁺

6. DAG, PKC y NF-κB

7. NFAT, AP-1 y NF-κB

8. MicroARN y regulación postranscripcional

9. Fosfatasas y atenuación de la señal

10. Coestimulación del linfocito T

11. Cambios metabólicos durante activación

12. BCR: estructura e inicio de señalización

13. CR2/CD21 y amplificación por complemento

14. Vías aguas abajo del BCR

15. Receptores inhibidores e ITIM

16. Ubiquitinación y terminación de señal

17. Receptores de citocinas

18. Familias TNF e IL-1

19. JAK-STAT

20. NF-κB canónica y no canónica

21. Integración final




USFQ · Inmunología

, 1. SINAPSIS INMUNOLÓGICA
La sinapsis inmunológica es una interfaz organizada de contacto entre un linfocito T y una célula presentadora
de antígeno. No es simplemente un punto donde dos células se
tocan. El contacto reorganiza receptores, moléculas de adhesión
y proteínas de señalización para mantener la interacción durante
el tiempo suficiente y dirigir la señal hacia el interior del linfocito.
En esta interfaz participan el TCR unido al complejo péptido-
MHC, los correceptores CD4 o CD8, CD28 unido a B7 y
moléculas de adhesión como LFA-1. La organización espacial
ayuda a concentrar las moléculas necesarias y a separar
físicamente regiones con funciones diferentes.




2. FUNCIONES DE LA SINAPSIS
Una vez organizada, la sinapsis permite que el linfocito T reciba señales de manera localizada y coordinada. La
misma interfaz puede dirigir señales hacia la célula presentadora, favorecer la secreción de citocinas, facilitar
la polarización de vesículas y, en linfocitos citotóxicos, orientar gránulos hacia la célula diana.




USFQ · Inmunología

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Uploaded on
October 24, 2026
Number of pages
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2026/2027
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