NR509 week 7 2026/2027
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Breast exam - ANSWER ✔✔5-7 days after the first day of
menstruation, consistent day of the month if no periods, inspect for
symmetry, contours, and retraction, palpation with patient supine with
arm above the head, palpate in ladder pattern, circular motion for each
location; compare location of findings to a clock
lactation - ANSWER ✔✔physiological secretion with pregnancy,
lactation, chest wall stimulation, sleep and stress,
montgomery glands - ANSWER ✔✔sebaceous glands, produces oily
protective lubricant for lactation
galactorrhea - ANSWER ✔✔milky discharge unrelated to pregnancy
and lactation
,most commonly cause by hyperproiactinemia
other causes are hyperthyroidism, and dopamine antagonists
(psychotropics)
mammary souffle - ANSWER ✔✔"puff of air" heard during pregnancy
and lactation (venous hum)
often found in pregnancy d/t increased blood flow through the breast
vasculature, commonly heard during late pregnancy or lactation,
strongest in the 2nd pr 3rd intercostal space at the sternal border
bilaterally. typically both systolic and diastolic
breast cancer risk factors - ANSWER ✔✔increasing age, first degree
family members with breast cancer, genetic mutations (BRCA1 and
BRCA2), personal history of precancerous breast mass, denser breasts
(confirmed by mammogram), high dose radiation exposure, high levels
estrogen hormones
breast cancer signs and symptoms - ANSWER ✔✔redness, peau
d'orange (thickening and prominent pores), flattening instead of normal
convexity, asymmetry, change in nipple direction, Paget disease (rash,
scaling, ulceration of nipple and areola)
female pelvic exam - ANSWER ✔✔always have a chaperone,
external examination (sexual maturity/tanner stages), don't use lubricant
,(can interfere with cytology; use warm water) (especially near the end of
the speculum), 30 degree downward angle, PAP smear, Bimanual exam
(adnexa includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, supporting tissue)
menopause - ANSWER ✔✔typically between 48-55 years old
complete cessation of bleeding for 12 consecutive months, bleeding
after consecutive 12 months is abnormal
testicular disorders: cryptorchidism - ANSWER ✔✔undescended
testicle
testicular disorders: occulded follicles/epidermoid cyst - ANSWER
✔✔dome shaped white or yellow lesions
testicular disorders: testicular torson - ANSWER ✔✔tender painful
scrotal swelling
testicular disorders: varicocele - ANSWER ✔✔varicose vein of
spermatic cord, thick rope like texture
testicular disorders: hydrocele - ANSWER ✔✔fluid filled lesions,
transilluminates
testicular disorders: balanitis - ANSWER ✔✔inflammation of the
glans penis
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2026/2027. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, testicular disorders: balanopostitis - ANSWER ✔✔inflammation of the
glans penis and prepuce (foreskin)
hernias: femoral - ANSWER ✔✔higher risk for incarceration and
strangulations
hernias: incarcerated - ANSWER ✔✔contents cannot be returned to
the abdominal cavity
hernias: strangulation - ANSWER ✔✔blood supply is compromised
testicular exam - ANSWER ✔✔have the patient standing, rolling
pattern
epididymis may feel small and coiled
cervical broom or cervical scrape+ endocervical brush - ANSWER
✔✔begin testing at 21 and ends at 65, every 3 years with cytology alone
or every 5 years with cytology and HPV testing
female pelvic exam: internal - ANSWER ✔✔position, ulcers, modules,
masses, bleeding, and discharge from the cervix or vagina
female pelvic exam: bimanual - ANSWER ✔✔palpate cervix, uterus,
ovaries, and pelvic floor muscles
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Breast exam - ANSWER ✔✔5-7 days after the first day of
menstruation, consistent day of the month if no periods, inspect for
symmetry, contours, and retraction, palpation with patient supine with
arm above the head, palpate in ladder pattern, circular motion for each
location; compare location of findings to a clock
lactation - ANSWER ✔✔physiological secretion with pregnancy,
lactation, chest wall stimulation, sleep and stress,
montgomery glands - ANSWER ✔✔sebaceous glands, produces oily
protective lubricant for lactation
galactorrhea - ANSWER ✔✔milky discharge unrelated to pregnancy
and lactation
,most commonly cause by hyperproiactinemia
other causes are hyperthyroidism, and dopamine antagonists
(psychotropics)
mammary souffle - ANSWER ✔✔"puff of air" heard during pregnancy
and lactation (venous hum)
often found in pregnancy d/t increased blood flow through the breast
vasculature, commonly heard during late pregnancy or lactation,
strongest in the 2nd pr 3rd intercostal space at the sternal border
bilaterally. typically both systolic and diastolic
breast cancer risk factors - ANSWER ✔✔increasing age, first degree
family members with breast cancer, genetic mutations (BRCA1 and
BRCA2), personal history of precancerous breast mass, denser breasts
(confirmed by mammogram), high dose radiation exposure, high levels
estrogen hormones
breast cancer signs and symptoms - ANSWER ✔✔redness, peau
d'orange (thickening and prominent pores), flattening instead of normal
convexity, asymmetry, change in nipple direction, Paget disease (rash,
scaling, ulceration of nipple and areola)
female pelvic exam - ANSWER ✔✔always have a chaperone,
external examination (sexual maturity/tanner stages), don't use lubricant
,(can interfere with cytology; use warm water) (especially near the end of
the speculum), 30 degree downward angle, PAP smear, Bimanual exam
(adnexa includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, supporting tissue)
menopause - ANSWER ✔✔typically between 48-55 years old
complete cessation of bleeding for 12 consecutive months, bleeding
after consecutive 12 months is abnormal
testicular disorders: cryptorchidism - ANSWER ✔✔undescended
testicle
testicular disorders: occulded follicles/epidermoid cyst - ANSWER
✔✔dome shaped white or yellow lesions
testicular disorders: testicular torson - ANSWER ✔✔tender painful
scrotal swelling
testicular disorders: varicocele - ANSWER ✔✔varicose vein of
spermatic cord, thick rope like texture
testicular disorders: hydrocele - ANSWER ✔✔fluid filled lesions,
transilluminates
testicular disorders: balanitis - ANSWER ✔✔inflammation of the
glans penis
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2026/2027. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, testicular disorders: balanopostitis - ANSWER ✔✔inflammation of the
glans penis and prepuce (foreskin)
hernias: femoral - ANSWER ✔✔higher risk for incarceration and
strangulations
hernias: incarcerated - ANSWER ✔✔contents cannot be returned to
the abdominal cavity
hernias: strangulation - ANSWER ✔✔blood supply is compromised
testicular exam - ANSWER ✔✔have the patient standing, rolling
pattern
epididymis may feel small and coiled
cervical broom or cervical scrape+ endocervical brush - ANSWER
✔✔begin testing at 21 and ends at 65, every 3 years with cytology alone
or every 5 years with cytology and HPV testing
female pelvic exam: internal - ANSWER ✔✔position, ulcers, modules,
masses, bleeding, and discharge from the cervix or vagina
female pelvic exam: bimanual - ANSWER ✔✔palpate cervix, uterus,
ovaries, and pelvic floor muscles
