RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
REVIEW QUESTION SET WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
◉ Less common and more serious. Appears in infancy or
childhood. Progresses rapidly, resulting in end-stage kidney
failure and generally causing death in infancy or childhood.
Answer: Autosomal Recessive PKD
◉ Complications of?: pyelonephritis, cyst rupture, retroperitoneal
bleeding, renal failure, anemia, hypertension, and renal calculi
Answer: Polycystic Kidney Disease
◉ Bilateral inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that typically
follows a streptococcal infection. Affects men more than women.
Leading cause of renal failure. Inflammatory changes impair the
kidney's ability to excrete waste and excess fluid. May be acute or
chronic. Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes are the most
prevalent forms.
Answer: Glomerulonephritis
◉ Loss of urinary control
Answer: Urinary Incontinence
◉ Involuntary urination by a child after 4-5 years of age
,Answer: Enuresis
◉ Bed-wetting
Answer: Nocturnal Enuresis
◉ Urinary incontinence resulting from a temporary condition
Answer: Transient Incontinence
◉ Causes of?: delirium, infection, atrophic vaginitis, use of certain
medications, psychological factors, high urine output, restricted
mobility, fecal impaction, alcohol, and caffeine
Answer: Transient Incontinence
◉ Loss of urine from pressure exerted on the bladder by
coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting something
heavy.
Answer: Stress Incontinence
◉ Occurs when the sphincter muscle of the bladder is weakened.
Contributing factors: pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, cystocele,
prostate removal, obesity, and chronic coughing
Answer: Stress Incontinence
◉ Sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss
of urine
, Answer: Urge Incontinence
◉ Causes of?: Urinary tract infections, bladder irritants, bowel
conditions, smoking, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease,
stroke, injury, and nervous system damage.
Answer: Urge Incontinence
◉ Urge incontinence with no known cause
Answer: Overactive Bladder
◉ Urinary incontinence caused by trauma or damage to the
nervous system. Urgency is generally absent
Answer: Reflex Incontinence
◉ Increased detrusor muscle contractility that occurs even
though there is no sensation to void
Answer: Detrusor Hyperreflexia
◉ Inability to empty the bladder, or retention. Other indications
include dribbling urine and a weak urine stream.
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
◉ Causes of?: bladder damage, urethral blockage, nerve damage,
and prostate conditions
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
REVIEW QUESTION SET WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
◉ Less common and more serious. Appears in infancy or
childhood. Progresses rapidly, resulting in end-stage kidney
failure and generally causing death in infancy or childhood.
Answer: Autosomal Recessive PKD
◉ Complications of?: pyelonephritis, cyst rupture, retroperitoneal
bleeding, renal failure, anemia, hypertension, and renal calculi
Answer: Polycystic Kidney Disease
◉ Bilateral inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that typically
follows a streptococcal infection. Affects men more than women.
Leading cause of renal failure. Inflammatory changes impair the
kidney's ability to excrete waste and excess fluid. May be acute or
chronic. Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes are the most
prevalent forms.
Answer: Glomerulonephritis
◉ Loss of urinary control
Answer: Urinary Incontinence
◉ Involuntary urination by a child after 4-5 years of age
,Answer: Enuresis
◉ Bed-wetting
Answer: Nocturnal Enuresis
◉ Urinary incontinence resulting from a temporary condition
Answer: Transient Incontinence
◉ Causes of?: delirium, infection, atrophic vaginitis, use of certain
medications, psychological factors, high urine output, restricted
mobility, fecal impaction, alcohol, and caffeine
Answer: Transient Incontinence
◉ Loss of urine from pressure exerted on the bladder by
coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting something
heavy.
Answer: Stress Incontinence
◉ Occurs when the sphincter muscle of the bladder is weakened.
Contributing factors: pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, cystocele,
prostate removal, obesity, and chronic coughing
Answer: Stress Incontinence
◉ Sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss
of urine
, Answer: Urge Incontinence
◉ Causes of?: Urinary tract infections, bladder irritants, bowel
conditions, smoking, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease,
stroke, injury, and nervous system damage.
Answer: Urge Incontinence
◉ Urge incontinence with no known cause
Answer: Overactive Bladder
◉ Urinary incontinence caused by trauma or damage to the
nervous system. Urgency is generally absent
Answer: Reflex Incontinence
◉ Increased detrusor muscle contractility that occurs even
though there is no sensation to void
Answer: Detrusor Hyperreflexia
◉ Inability to empty the bladder, or retention. Other indications
include dribbling urine and a weak urine stream.
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
◉ Causes of?: bladder damage, urethral blockage, nerve damage,
and prostate conditions
Answer: Overflow Incontinence
