, PartI:INFORMALLOGIC.
1. BasicConcepts.
Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments. Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercis Validity, Truth,Soundness, Strength, Cogency.Exercise.
Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
2. Language:MeaningandDefinition.
Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techniques
. Exercise.Criteria for LexicalDefinitions.Exercise.
3. InformalFallacies.
Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, an d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies
in Ordinary Language. Exercise.
PartII:FORMALLOGIC.
4. CategoricalPropositions.
The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality, Quantity, and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagra and the Modern Square o f Opposition. Exercise. Conversion,
Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditio Square of Opposition. Exercise. Venn Diagrams a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordin Language
Statements into Categorical Form. Exercise.
5. CategoricalSyllogisms.
Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. VennDiagrams. Exercise. Rules and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercise. Ordinary Language Arguments.
Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
6. PropositionalLogic.
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables fo Arguments. Exercise. Indire ct Truth Tables.Exercise.
Argument Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
7. NaturalDeductioninPropositionalLogic.
Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II. Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Conditional Proof.Exercise. Indirect Proof.
Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
,8. PredicateLogic.
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof. E xercise. Proving Invalidity.
Exercise.Relational Predicates andOverlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
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PartIII:INDUCTIVELOGIC.
9. AnalogyandLegalandMoralReasoning.
Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning. Exercise.
10. CausalityandMill'sMethods."Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods. Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
11. Probability.
Theories of Probability.The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
12. StatisticalReasoning.
Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs and Pictograms. Percentages.Exercise.
13. Hypothetical/ScientificReasoning.
TheHypothetical Method.Hypothetical Reasoning:FourExamples fromScience. The ProofofHypotheses.The Tentative Acceptance of Hypot heses. Exercise.
14. ScienceandSuperstition.
Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support. Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise. Answers to Selected Exercises.
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1. BasicConcepts.
Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments. Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercis Validity, Truth,Soundness, Strength, Cogency.Exercise.
Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
2. Language:MeaningandDefinition.
Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techniques
. Exercise.Criteria for LexicalDefinitions.Exercise.
3. InformalFallacies.
Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, an d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies
in Ordinary Language. Exercise.
PartII:FORMALLOGIC.
4. CategoricalPropositions.
The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality, Quantity, and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagra and the Modern Square o f Opposition. Exercise. Conversion,
Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditio Square of Opposition. Exercise. Venn Diagrams a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordin Language
Statements into Categorical Form. Exercise.
5. CategoricalSyllogisms.
Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. VennDiagrams. Exercise. Rules and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercise. Ordinary Language Arguments.
Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
6. PropositionalLogic.
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables fo Arguments. Exercise. Indire ct Truth Tables.Exercise.
Argument Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
7. NaturalDeductioninPropositionalLogic.
Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II. Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Conditional Proof.Exercise. Indirect Proof.
Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
,8. PredicateLogic.
Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof. E xercise. Proving Invalidity.
Exercise.Relational Predicates andOverlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
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PartIII:INDUCTIVELOGIC.
9. AnalogyandLegalandMoralReasoning.
Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning. Exercise.
10. CausalityandMill'sMethods."Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods. Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
11. Probability.
Theories of Probability.The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
12. StatisticalReasoning.
Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs and Pictograms. Percentages.Exercise.
13. Hypothetical/ScientificReasoning.
TheHypothetical Method.Hypothetical Reasoning:FourExamples fromScience. The ProofofHypotheses.The Tentative Acceptance of Hypot heses. Exercise.
14. ScienceandSuperstition.
Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support. Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise. Answers to Selected Exercises.
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