PEDIATRIC LATEST ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
A 2-year-old toddler has hearing loss caused by recurrent otitis media. What treatment does the nurse
anticipate that the practitioner will recommend?
ANSWER
*Myringotomy* is a surgical opening into the eardrum to permit drainage of accumulated
fluid associated with otitis media. Ear drops are not used because they will obscure the view of
the tympanic membrane. Removal of the mastoid will not relieve pressure within inflamed
ears. Antibiotics, not steroids, are used for an infectious process.
Question 2.
What does the nurse state is the cause of frequent upper respiratory tract infections in toddlers?
ANSWER
Immature immune system
Question 3.
A toddler on the pediatric unit is required to have temporary dietary restrictions after colorectal
surgery. What is the best way for the nurse to promote adherence to the restrictions?
ANSWER
Toddlers are ritualistic and do not tolerate change well; *any change in diet should be done
matter of factly.*
Question 4.
age range for toddler years
ANSWER
12-36mos
,Question 5.
While in the playroom of a pedi- atric unit the nurse sees several toddlers seated at
a table trying to copy the same picture from a book. They are not talking to each oth- er or sharing
their crayons. What does the nurse conclude about this behavioral interaction?
ANSWER
It is a typical expression of toddlers' social development. As part of the socialization process,
toddlers enjoy playing beside other children (parallel play).
Question 6.
A nurse is obtaining a health histo- ry from the mother of a 15-month-old toddler with celiac disease.
The nurse expects the moth- er to indicate what about her toddler?
ANSWER
*Steatorrhea (fatty, foul-smelling, frothy, bulky stools)* occurs with celiac disease because of
an intolerance to gluten; toxic substances, which can damage the intestinal mucosal cells,
accumulate and cause diarrhea.
Question 7.
What is the priority nursing care in the immediate postoperative period for a toddler with a newly
applied hip spica cast?
ANSWER
*Checking the toddler's peripheral circulation*. Priority nursing care for any cast application
includes checking the color and temperature of the area surrounding the cast to ensure that
the cast is not too tight. A tight cast compresses arteries and veins, thereby impairing
circulation.
Question 8.
The parent of a 2-year-old calls a nurse who is a neighbor and reports that the child just ate several
multivitamins with iron. What should the nurse say to the parent?
ANSWER
"Call the Poison Control Center."
The Poison Control Center will provide the best guidance for treatment of excess ingestion of a
substance; enemas, lavage, or chelation therapy with deferoxamine (Desferal), a heavy metal
antagonist, may be recommended, depending on the amount ingested and the child's age and
response.
, Question 9.
A nurse in the daycare center is teaching several aides about the play behavior of 2-year-old toddlers.
What is this type of play called?
ANSWER
*Parallel*: Toddlers play independently but beside other children; they are aware of the other
children, often grabbing toys from them, but do not socially interact with them.
Question 10.
Elbow restraints are prescribed for an 18-month-old toddler who just had surgery for a cleft palate.
The nurse explains to the parents that the restraints are used to keep the child from doing what?
ANSWER
The suture lines in the mouth must be protected. Because the toddler uses the mouth to
explore the environment, elbow restraints are needed to keep the child from placing fingers or
objects in the mouth.
Question 11.
During which health maintenance visit for a toddler-age client should the nurse assess the ability to
throw a ball overhand without losing balance?
ANSWER
18mos
Question 12.
While obtaining the health history of a 15-month-old toddler, the child of a migrant work- er, a nurse
learns that the infant recently had a fever, runny nose, cough, and white spots in the mouth lasting 3
days. A rash start- ed on the face and spread to the whole body. What communicable disease does the
nurse suspect the infant suffered from?
ANSWER
White spots in the mouth (Koplik spots) and the rash, combined with increased mucus
secretions (coryza), are indicative of measles *(rubeola)*.
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
A 2-year-old toddler has hearing loss caused by recurrent otitis media. What treatment does the nurse
anticipate that the practitioner will recommend?
ANSWER
*Myringotomy* is a surgical opening into the eardrum to permit drainage of accumulated
fluid associated with otitis media. Ear drops are not used because they will obscure the view of
the tympanic membrane. Removal of the mastoid will not relieve pressure within inflamed
ears. Antibiotics, not steroids, are used for an infectious process.
Question 2.
What does the nurse state is the cause of frequent upper respiratory tract infections in toddlers?
ANSWER
Immature immune system
Question 3.
A toddler on the pediatric unit is required to have temporary dietary restrictions after colorectal
surgery. What is the best way for the nurse to promote adherence to the restrictions?
ANSWER
Toddlers are ritualistic and do not tolerate change well; *any change in diet should be done
matter of factly.*
Question 4.
age range for toddler years
ANSWER
12-36mos
,Question 5.
While in the playroom of a pedi- atric unit the nurse sees several toddlers seated at
a table trying to copy the same picture from a book. They are not talking to each oth- er or sharing
their crayons. What does the nurse conclude about this behavioral interaction?
ANSWER
It is a typical expression of toddlers' social development. As part of the socialization process,
toddlers enjoy playing beside other children (parallel play).
Question 6.
A nurse is obtaining a health histo- ry from the mother of a 15-month-old toddler with celiac disease.
The nurse expects the moth- er to indicate what about her toddler?
ANSWER
*Steatorrhea (fatty, foul-smelling, frothy, bulky stools)* occurs with celiac disease because of
an intolerance to gluten; toxic substances, which can damage the intestinal mucosal cells,
accumulate and cause diarrhea.
Question 7.
What is the priority nursing care in the immediate postoperative period for a toddler with a newly
applied hip spica cast?
ANSWER
*Checking the toddler's peripheral circulation*. Priority nursing care for any cast application
includes checking the color and temperature of the area surrounding the cast to ensure that
the cast is not too tight. A tight cast compresses arteries and veins, thereby impairing
circulation.
Question 8.
The parent of a 2-year-old calls a nurse who is a neighbor and reports that the child just ate several
multivitamins with iron. What should the nurse say to the parent?
ANSWER
"Call the Poison Control Center."
The Poison Control Center will provide the best guidance for treatment of excess ingestion of a
substance; enemas, lavage, or chelation therapy with deferoxamine (Desferal), a heavy metal
antagonist, may be recommended, depending on the amount ingested and the child's age and
response.
, Question 9.
A nurse in the daycare center is teaching several aides about the play behavior of 2-year-old toddlers.
What is this type of play called?
ANSWER
*Parallel*: Toddlers play independently but beside other children; they are aware of the other
children, often grabbing toys from them, but do not socially interact with them.
Question 10.
Elbow restraints are prescribed for an 18-month-old toddler who just had surgery for a cleft palate.
The nurse explains to the parents that the restraints are used to keep the child from doing what?
ANSWER
The suture lines in the mouth must be protected. Because the toddler uses the mouth to
explore the environment, elbow restraints are needed to keep the child from placing fingers or
objects in the mouth.
Question 11.
During which health maintenance visit for a toddler-age client should the nurse assess the ability to
throw a ball overhand without losing balance?
ANSWER
18mos
Question 12.
While obtaining the health history of a 15-month-old toddler, the child of a migrant work- er, a nurse
learns that the infant recently had a fever, runny nose, cough, and white spots in the mouth lasting 3
days. A rash start- ed on the face and spread to the whole body. What communicable disease does the
nurse suspect the infant suffered from?
ANSWER
White spots in the mouth (Koplik spots) and the rash, combined with increased mucus
secretions (coryza), are indicative of measles *(rubeola)*.
