NR 293 Final Exam | 143 Complete Questions and
Correct Answers plus Rationale | Latest Update 2026-
2027 | Graded A+
SATA / Case Items
1. the RN is caring for a client who is noncompliant w/ treatment for HTN. The
RN explain that untreated HTN increases the risk of what? SATA
A) migraine headache
B) cholecystitis
C) cerebral infarction
D) heart failure
E) Renal disease
Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale: Untreated hypertension damages target organs: brain (stroke/cerebral
infarction), heart (heart failure, CAD), kidneys (nephropathy), and vessels.
Migraine and cholecystitis are not classic hypertension complications.
2. Th RN teaches client how to use topical nitro. What teaching points should be
included? SATA
A) “do not shower with patch in place”
B) “make sure no one touches the side with medication”
C) “assess skin for signs of breakdown”
D) “increase fluid intake to avoid low blood pressure”
E) “rotate application sites”
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Topical nitroglycerin requires site rotation, skin assessment, avoiding
contact with the medicated side (to prevent absorption by others), and avoiding
showering with the patch in place if it may dislodge. Increasing fluids is not
routine teaching for hypotension; hypotension should be reported.
3. Patient has been prescribed furosemide daily. What are appropriate nursing
actions when beginning this therapy? SATA
A) administer medication in morning
B) removed foods that are high in K+
,C) Limit fluid intake to 1 L/day, unless contraindicated
D) have low-sodium diet until response is known
E) ensure easy access to restroom
Correct Answer: A, E
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic; give in the morning to avoid nocturia and
ensure bathroom access. Do not remove high-K foods—furosemide causes
hypokalemia. Fluid restriction and strict low-sodium diet are individualized, not
routine initial actions.
Cardiovascular / Hypertension / Diuretics
4. RN is caring for patient who is 25 lbs overweight and newly diagnosed with
HTN. What initial drug therapy should the RN anticipate?
A) Ca2+ channel blocker
B) beta blocker
C) diuretic
D) ACE inhibitor
Correct Answer: C) diuretic
Rationale: Thiazide-type diuretics are a first-line option for many patients with
new hypertension, especially older adults and those with volume-related risk.
Lifestyle/weight loss is also essential. (ACEI/ARB/CCB are also first-line depending
on comorbidities.)
5. RN is giving education to patient prescribed enalapril. What adverse effects
should the RN include?
A) rash
B) persistent cough
C) sedation
D) tachycardia
Correct Answer: B) persistent cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as enalapril commonly cause a dry, persistent
cough due to bradykinin accumulation. Angioedema and hyperkalemia are also
important.
6. Patients HTN has NOT responded to first-line therapies and is now prescribed
spironolactone. The RN should monitor BP and what else as a priority?
,A) AST, ALT, & bilirubin
B) K+ levels
C) heart rhythm
D) COCA urine output
Correct Answer: B) K+ levels
Rationale: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing; risk of hyperkalemia is significant,
especially with renal impairment or ACEI/ARB use. Monitor potassium closely.
7. ED RN is asked to prepare a nitroprusside infusion for patient on their way to
the hospital. What is the patients most likely diagnosis?
A) HTN associated with DKA
B) hemorrhagic stroke
C) MI accompanied by HTN
D) HTN crisis
Correct Answer: D) HTN crisis
Rationale: Nitroprusside is a potent IV vasodilator used for hypertensive
emergencies/crisis. It requires continuous BP monitoring.
8. RN gives milrinone to patient with CHF. A precipitate will form if what
medicine is given in the same IV line without flushing?
A) Albuterol
B) lovastatin
C) furosemide
D) nifedipine
Correct Answer: C) furosemide
Rationale: Milrinone and furosemide are incompatible in the same IV line; flush
between administrations.
9. Patient has uncontrolled chest pain and currently taking nitro. Physician
orders nifedipine added to regimen. What adverse effects to monitor for?
A) hypotension
B) hypoglycemia
C) renal insufficiency
D) hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A) hypotension
, Rationale: Nifedipine (CCB) plus nitroglycerin causes additive vasodilation and
hypotension. Monitor BP carefully.
10. Patient is newly taking chlorothiazide for past month. Upon follow-up
patient states they now have leg cramps and “feel tired all the time”. What
would be the mostly likely cause of symptoms be?
A) hypercalcemia
B) hypocalcemia
C) hypokalemia
D) hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: C) hypokalemia
Rationale: Thiazides cause potassium loss; hypokalemia causes muscle cramps,
weakness, and fatigue.
11. what foods should be avoided to prevent adverse affect when prescribed
furosemide?
A) cheese
B) brown rice
C) potatoes
D) chicken
Correct Answer: C (source) — clinically questionable
Rationale: Furosemide is potassium-wasting; patients usually need potassium-rich
foods (e.g., potatoes) unless hyperkalemic or renal failure. The source answer is
likely an error. If the intent is sodium restriction, cheese is the better choice to
limit.
12. What is explained as the benefit of switching from furosemide to
spironolactone?
A) K+ losses are lower
B) spironolactone can be taken on outpatient basis
C) Na2+ losses are greater
D) diuretic effect is greater
Correct Answer: A) K+ losses are lower
Rationale: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing, reducing hypokalemia risk
compared with loop diuretics.
Correct Answers plus Rationale | Latest Update 2026-
2027 | Graded A+
SATA / Case Items
1. the RN is caring for a client who is noncompliant w/ treatment for HTN. The
RN explain that untreated HTN increases the risk of what? SATA
A) migraine headache
B) cholecystitis
C) cerebral infarction
D) heart failure
E) Renal disease
Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale: Untreated hypertension damages target organs: brain (stroke/cerebral
infarction), heart (heart failure, CAD), kidneys (nephropathy), and vessels.
Migraine and cholecystitis are not classic hypertension complications.
2. Th RN teaches client how to use topical nitro. What teaching points should be
included? SATA
A) “do not shower with patch in place”
B) “make sure no one touches the side with medication”
C) “assess skin for signs of breakdown”
D) “increase fluid intake to avoid low blood pressure”
E) “rotate application sites”
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Topical nitroglycerin requires site rotation, skin assessment, avoiding
contact with the medicated side (to prevent absorption by others), and avoiding
showering with the patch in place if it may dislodge. Increasing fluids is not
routine teaching for hypotension; hypotension should be reported.
3. Patient has been prescribed furosemide daily. What are appropriate nursing
actions when beginning this therapy? SATA
A) administer medication in morning
B) removed foods that are high in K+
,C) Limit fluid intake to 1 L/day, unless contraindicated
D) have low-sodium diet until response is known
E) ensure easy access to restroom
Correct Answer: A, E
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic; give in the morning to avoid nocturia and
ensure bathroom access. Do not remove high-K foods—furosemide causes
hypokalemia. Fluid restriction and strict low-sodium diet are individualized, not
routine initial actions.
Cardiovascular / Hypertension / Diuretics
4. RN is caring for patient who is 25 lbs overweight and newly diagnosed with
HTN. What initial drug therapy should the RN anticipate?
A) Ca2+ channel blocker
B) beta blocker
C) diuretic
D) ACE inhibitor
Correct Answer: C) diuretic
Rationale: Thiazide-type diuretics are a first-line option for many patients with
new hypertension, especially older adults and those with volume-related risk.
Lifestyle/weight loss is also essential. (ACEI/ARB/CCB are also first-line depending
on comorbidities.)
5. RN is giving education to patient prescribed enalapril. What adverse effects
should the RN include?
A) rash
B) persistent cough
C) sedation
D) tachycardia
Correct Answer: B) persistent cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as enalapril commonly cause a dry, persistent
cough due to bradykinin accumulation. Angioedema and hyperkalemia are also
important.
6. Patients HTN has NOT responded to first-line therapies and is now prescribed
spironolactone. The RN should monitor BP and what else as a priority?
,A) AST, ALT, & bilirubin
B) K+ levels
C) heart rhythm
D) COCA urine output
Correct Answer: B) K+ levels
Rationale: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing; risk of hyperkalemia is significant,
especially with renal impairment or ACEI/ARB use. Monitor potassium closely.
7. ED RN is asked to prepare a nitroprusside infusion for patient on their way to
the hospital. What is the patients most likely diagnosis?
A) HTN associated with DKA
B) hemorrhagic stroke
C) MI accompanied by HTN
D) HTN crisis
Correct Answer: D) HTN crisis
Rationale: Nitroprusside is a potent IV vasodilator used for hypertensive
emergencies/crisis. It requires continuous BP monitoring.
8. RN gives milrinone to patient with CHF. A precipitate will form if what
medicine is given in the same IV line without flushing?
A) Albuterol
B) lovastatin
C) furosemide
D) nifedipine
Correct Answer: C) furosemide
Rationale: Milrinone and furosemide are incompatible in the same IV line; flush
between administrations.
9. Patient has uncontrolled chest pain and currently taking nitro. Physician
orders nifedipine added to regimen. What adverse effects to monitor for?
A) hypotension
B) hypoglycemia
C) renal insufficiency
D) hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A) hypotension
, Rationale: Nifedipine (CCB) plus nitroglycerin causes additive vasodilation and
hypotension. Monitor BP carefully.
10. Patient is newly taking chlorothiazide for past month. Upon follow-up
patient states they now have leg cramps and “feel tired all the time”. What
would be the mostly likely cause of symptoms be?
A) hypercalcemia
B) hypocalcemia
C) hypokalemia
D) hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: C) hypokalemia
Rationale: Thiazides cause potassium loss; hypokalemia causes muscle cramps,
weakness, and fatigue.
11. what foods should be avoided to prevent adverse affect when prescribed
furosemide?
A) cheese
B) brown rice
C) potatoes
D) chicken
Correct Answer: C (source) — clinically questionable
Rationale: Furosemide is potassium-wasting; patients usually need potassium-rich
foods (e.g., potatoes) unless hyperkalemic or renal failure. The source answer is
likely an error. If the intent is sodium restriction, cheese is the better choice to
limit.
12. What is explained as the benefit of switching from furosemide to
spironolactone?
A) K+ losses are lower
B) spironolactone can be taken on outpatient basis
C) Na2+ losses are greater
D) diuretic effect is greater
Correct Answer: A) K+ losses are lower
Rationale: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing, reducing hypokalemia risk
compared with loop diuretics.
