NR668 Practice Questions with Verified Correct
Answers
Theoretical models in psychotherapy
-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Health Belief Model
-Transtheoretical Model of Change
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Abraham Maslow theorized that all individuals have the same basic needs
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need
• self-actualization
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
-Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal growth
-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include:
independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity
,Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP. During the
interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6 months due to
consolidation at his former place of employment. Since then, he reports that he has had
difficulty sleeping due to worries about what he should do. His wife has a full-time job with
health benefits and has been supportive of him taking time to find the ideal position while
he is collecting unemployment; however, his unemployment will run out in a few months.
He would love to find a position that would allow him to use his artistic talents but
expresses a lack of self-confidence in his ability to succeed in a new position. Ed reports
that he has felt somewhat isolated now that he doesn't see his friends at work.
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy. Drag the
client's concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy
Physiological: difficulty sleeping
Safety: unemployment
Love/belonging: isolation
Esteem: lack of self-confidence
Self-actualization: the need for creativity
The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence. Based on
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore his lack of self-
confidence?
Yes
No
,No
Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and love/belonging levels of
the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore self-confidence. The PMHNP may need to
help the client address more foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping him
focus on improving his confidence.
Health Belief Model
-used to explain and predict health behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the effectiveness of
the recommended action predict the person's willingness to change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
• perceived benefits of treatment
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility
clients must believe they are susceptible to the condition
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity
clients must believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits
clients must believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers
clients must believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action
clients are exposed to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion with a
provider
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy
clients feel they can succeed when performing an action
Transtheoretical Model of Change
-assumes that behavior changes take place over time & that people move through stages of
decision-making to make changes to behavior
-five stages
1. precontemplation
• not aware or interested in change
2. contemplation
• begin thinking about change
3. preparation
• plan for change
4. action
• change old habits and gain new, healthier habits
Answers
Theoretical models in psychotherapy
-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Health Belief Model
-Transtheoretical Model of Change
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-Abraham Maslow theorized that all individuals have the same basic needs
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need
• self-actualization
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
-Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal growth
-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include:
independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity
,Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP. During the
interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6 months due to
consolidation at his former place of employment. Since then, he reports that he has had
difficulty sleeping due to worries about what he should do. His wife has a full-time job with
health benefits and has been supportive of him taking time to find the ideal position while
he is collecting unemployment; however, his unemployment will run out in a few months.
He would love to find a position that would allow him to use his artistic talents but
expresses a lack of self-confidence in his ability to succeed in a new position. Ed reports
that he has felt somewhat isolated now that he doesn't see his friends at work.
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy. Drag the
client's concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy
Physiological: difficulty sleeping
Safety: unemployment
Love/belonging: isolation
Esteem: lack of self-confidence
Self-actualization: the need for creativity
The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence. Based on
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore his lack of self-
confidence?
Yes
No
,No
Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and love/belonging levels of
the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore self-confidence. The PMHNP may need to
help the client address more foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping him
focus on improving his confidence.
Health Belief Model
-used to explain and predict health behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the effectiveness of
the recommended action predict the person's willingness to change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
• perceived benefits of treatment
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility
clients must believe they are susceptible to the condition
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity
clients must believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits
clients must believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers
clients must believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action
clients are exposed to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion with a
provider
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy
clients feel they can succeed when performing an action
Transtheoretical Model of Change
-assumes that behavior changes take place over time & that people move through stages of
decision-making to make changes to behavior
-five stages
1. precontemplation
• not aware or interested in change
2. contemplation
• begin thinking about change
3. preparation
• plan for change
4. action
• change old habits and gain new, healthier habits
