UTA NURS 5315 Exam 3 – Skeletal System Master Review |
Practice Questions & Exam Preparation Guide
1. Describe how hypertension contributes to the development of reduced
ejection fraction heart failure.
Hypertension improves cardiac output.
Hypertension decreases blood flow to the heart, causing ischemia.
Hypertension increases the workload on the heart, leading to
hypertrophy and eventual heart failure.
Hypertension has no effect on heart function.
2. STEMI, an Acute Coronary Syndrome, can best be described as:
A subendocardial infarction characterized by EKG changes and an
elevated Troponin level
A transmural infarction with associated tissue necrosis, an abnormal
EKG, and an elevated Troponin level; Often presents with significant
signs and symptoms, including: chest or jaw pain, diaphoresis,
pallor, and unstable vital signs.
A transmural infarction caused by mild ischemia due to inadequate
oxygen supply vs. demand, and characterized by a depressed ST
segment and a positive response to nitroglycerin; Can present silently
or with symptoms such as chest or jaw pain, diaphoresis, pallor, and
unstable vital signs.
A vasospastic infarction with associated necrosis and arrhythmia
3. If a patient has a decreased cardiac output, what physiological
consequences might they experience?
Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
, Enhanced nutrient absorption in the intestines.
Increased blood pressure.
Improved cardiac contractility.
4. Lipoproteins are sometimes measured to determine heart health because:
They are the way cholesterol is transported in the body
Low LDLs are considered heart healthy
The ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol is important
High HDLs are an indictor of heart risk
5. If a patient with reduced ejection fraction heart failure experiences sudden
weight gain and increased swelling in the legs, what might this indicate?
Increased physical activity
Dehydration
Improved cardiac function
Worsening heart failure
6. Describe how elevated levels of certain lipoproteins can affect
cardiovascular health.
Lipoproteins do not affect cardiovascular health.
Elevated lipoprotein levels only affect liver function.
Elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) can lead to plaque
buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.
Elevated levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can cause heart
disease.
,7. Describe how ventricular remodeling can impact heart function in patients
with heart failure.
Ventricular remodeling only affects the atria, not the ventricles.
Ventricular remodeling can lead to decreased cardiac output and
increased heart failure symptoms due to altered ventricular shape
and function.
Ventricular remodeling improves heart function by increasing the size
of the ventricles.
Ventricular remodeling has no significant effect on heart function.
8. What is the definition of end-systolic volume in cardiovascular physiology?
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart during each heartbeat.
The volume of blood remaining in the ventricles after contraction.
The volume of blood returning to the heart from the body.
The total volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.
9. Norepinephrine affects the heart by
Decreasing contractility
Increasing contractility
Slowing the heart rate
Hyperpolarizing cells of the SA node
10. Which coronary artery primarily supplies blood to the left ventricle?
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
, Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
11. If a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, which lifestyle change
would most likely improve their condition?
Increasing sodium intake
Adopting a heart-healthy diet
Decreasing physical activity
Smoking cessation
12. Describe the significance of cardiac output in maintaining overall
cardiovascular health.
Cardiac output has no impact on blood pressure regulation.
Cardiac output is solely determined by heart rate.
Cardiac output is crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients to
tissues and removing waste products.
Cardiac output is only important during exercise.
13. Preload is defined as:
amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle
degrees to which the heart fibers are stretched just prior to
contraction
pressure in the aorta that must be overcome for blood to be ejected
from the heart
14. Describe how reduced ejection fraction heart failure affects the body's
ability to function.
Practice Questions & Exam Preparation Guide
1. Describe how hypertension contributes to the development of reduced
ejection fraction heart failure.
Hypertension improves cardiac output.
Hypertension decreases blood flow to the heart, causing ischemia.
Hypertension increases the workload on the heart, leading to
hypertrophy and eventual heart failure.
Hypertension has no effect on heart function.
2. STEMI, an Acute Coronary Syndrome, can best be described as:
A subendocardial infarction characterized by EKG changes and an
elevated Troponin level
A transmural infarction with associated tissue necrosis, an abnormal
EKG, and an elevated Troponin level; Often presents with significant
signs and symptoms, including: chest or jaw pain, diaphoresis,
pallor, and unstable vital signs.
A transmural infarction caused by mild ischemia due to inadequate
oxygen supply vs. demand, and characterized by a depressed ST
segment and a positive response to nitroglycerin; Can present silently
or with symptoms such as chest or jaw pain, diaphoresis, pallor, and
unstable vital signs.
A vasospastic infarction with associated necrosis and arrhythmia
3. If a patient has a decreased cardiac output, what physiological
consequences might they experience?
Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
, Enhanced nutrient absorption in the intestines.
Increased blood pressure.
Improved cardiac contractility.
4. Lipoproteins are sometimes measured to determine heart health because:
They are the way cholesterol is transported in the body
Low LDLs are considered heart healthy
The ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol is important
High HDLs are an indictor of heart risk
5. If a patient with reduced ejection fraction heart failure experiences sudden
weight gain and increased swelling in the legs, what might this indicate?
Increased physical activity
Dehydration
Improved cardiac function
Worsening heart failure
6. Describe how elevated levels of certain lipoproteins can affect
cardiovascular health.
Lipoproteins do not affect cardiovascular health.
Elevated lipoprotein levels only affect liver function.
Elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) can lead to plaque
buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.
Elevated levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can cause heart
disease.
,7. Describe how ventricular remodeling can impact heart function in patients
with heart failure.
Ventricular remodeling only affects the atria, not the ventricles.
Ventricular remodeling can lead to decreased cardiac output and
increased heart failure symptoms due to altered ventricular shape
and function.
Ventricular remodeling improves heart function by increasing the size
of the ventricles.
Ventricular remodeling has no significant effect on heart function.
8. What is the definition of end-systolic volume in cardiovascular physiology?
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart during each heartbeat.
The volume of blood remaining in the ventricles after contraction.
The volume of blood returning to the heart from the body.
The total volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.
9. Norepinephrine affects the heart by
Decreasing contractility
Increasing contractility
Slowing the heart rate
Hyperpolarizing cells of the SA node
10. Which coronary artery primarily supplies blood to the left ventricle?
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
, Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
11. If a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, which lifestyle change
would most likely improve their condition?
Increasing sodium intake
Adopting a heart-healthy diet
Decreasing physical activity
Smoking cessation
12. Describe the significance of cardiac output in maintaining overall
cardiovascular health.
Cardiac output has no impact on blood pressure regulation.
Cardiac output is solely determined by heart rate.
Cardiac output is crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients to
tissues and removing waste products.
Cardiac output is only important during exercise.
13. Preload is defined as:
amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle
degrees to which the heart fibers are stretched just prior to
contraction
pressure in the aorta that must be overcome for blood to be ejected
from the heart
14. Describe how reduced ejection fraction heart failure affects the body's
ability to function.
