Nur 378 Final Exam Blueprint Review 2026 – Comprehensive Pharmacology Study Guide With Practice Questions, Medication Concepts, Clinical Applications, And Q&A Review Graded A+

NUR 378 FINAL EXAM BLUEPRINT REVIEW 2026 – COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS, MEDICATION CONCEPTS, CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, AND Q&A REVIEW GRADED A+ 1. Which substance is known to interact with atorvastatin and increase the risk of myopathy? Ibuprofen Grapefruit juice Vitamin C Amoxicillin 2. What is the recommended amount of water a patient should take with Alendronate? 8 oz 4 oz 16 oz 12 oz 3. Describe the importance of monitoring ECG in patients receiving Ondansetron. Monitoring ECG is necessary for evaluating kidney function. Monitoring ECG is important to detect potential dysrhythmias caused by the medication. Monitoring ECG is used to check for allergic reactions. Monitoring ECG helps in assessing liver function. 4. A client discovers during their eye exam that the pressure in the left eye is significantly increased. The eye doctor prescribed latanoprost to both eyes BID. The client asks the nurse how this drug will help relieve the pressure in her eye. Which response by the nurse is best? This drug cause miosis which will stretch the drainage system of the eye so more liquid will drain out. This drug will slow the production of aqueous humor in the eye. This drug will stop the production of fluid in our eye. This drug will promote better outflow of fluid from the eye. 5. A patient has been receiving a sodium nitroprusside infusion for the last 4 days for management of severe hypertension. Based on the duration of therapy, what is most essential for the nurse to evaluate? The fasting blood glucose level The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels The serum cyanide level 6. What is the priority teaching for a patient who has been prescribed hydrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency? importance of adequate sodium in the diet importance of taking extra doses of corticoids when ill importance of orthostatic BP precautions importance of including fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet 7. Which drug interactions should be monitored with dobutamine? Antibiotics Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Anticoagulants MAOIs, TCAs, and certain general anesthetics 8. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of atorvastatin? Joint pain Hair loss Increased appetite Abdominal pain 9. A client presents to the clinic for a soft tissue injury at the ankle s/p two days ago. For the past two days the client has been taking Acetaminophen but states he was doubling the recommended dose because of the pain, totaling 4800 mg/day. Upon further assessment the client reveals he has nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. What is the correct response from the nurse? "This is Steven-Johnson Syndrome" "Return to the recommended dose and those symptoms will resolve" "These are early signs of toxicity and you need immediate medical attention" "You need to take this medication with food from now on" 10. The nurse teaches a patient receiving alendronate. Which is the *most* important instruction to prevent esophageal ulceration? Swallow the medication with a full glass of water and remain upright for 30 mins. Take alendronate with calcium and vitamin D. Take alendronate in the morning before meals or taking other medications. If a dose is missed, skip the dose that day. 11. What are the class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors commonly prescribed for? Anemia Pain Management Asthma Hypertension 12. What is the therapeutic drug level range for Phenytoin that should be monitored? 15-25 20-30 10-20 5-15 13. Describe the significance of monitoring electrolyte and uric acid levels in patients taking medications that may affect these levels. Monitoring these levels only helps in diagnosing kidney disease. Monitoring these levels is unnecessary as medications do not affect them. Monitoring these levels is crucial to prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and gout, which can be worsened by certain medications. Monitoring these levels is only important for patients with a history of heart disease. 14. What is one primary benefit of having a current medication list for patients? Increasing medication costs Avoiding drug interactions Eliminating the need for patient education Reducing the need for nursing assessments 15. Why is it important for patients receiving ADH to limit fluid intake? Limiting fluid intake helps prevent fluid overload and associated complications. Limiting fluid intake is only important during the first week of treatment. Limiting fluid intake is unnecessary as ADH regulates fluid balance. Limiting fluid intake reduces the risk of dehydration. 16. Which laboratory values should be monitored for a patient taking lisinopril? Potassium levels, WBCs, ALT/AST Calcium levels, Hemoglobin, Creatinine Cholesterol levels, Bilirubin, Amylase Sodium levels, Platelets, Glucose 17. A nurse provides care to a patient who is admitted to an emergency department with hypertensive crisis. The patient had been taking sodium nitroprusside for the past three days. What is the reason that blood tests to assess thiocyanate levels are prescribed for this patient? The patient may have very low BP due to the sodium nitroprusside. The patient may have reduced excretion of sodium nitroprusside. The patient may have toxic levels of sodium nitroprusside. The patient may have adverse effects on target organs. 18. A patient is prescribed both an antibiotic and an antacid. How should the patient manage the timing of these medications? Take the antibiotic first, then the antacid immediately after. Take both medications at the same time. Take the antacid 1 or 2 hours before or after the antibiotic. Take the antacid only if experiencing discomfort. 19. The major drug interaction with propranolol is TCAs other alpha/beta blockers MAOIs calcium channel blockers 20. Describe the importance of monitoring vital signs in patients taking Sildenafil. Monitoring vital signs is crucial to assess cardiovascular stability and detect any adverse reactions. Monitoring vital signs is only necessary if the patient reports symptoms. Monitoring vital signs helps in determining the patient's hydration status. Monitoring vital signs is not relevant for patients taking Sildenafil. 21. What is one critical assessment for a patient receiving Heparin? Checking blood glucose levels Assessing respiratory rate Evaluating heart rhythm Monitoring platelet levels 22. What is one of the key instructions for patients prescribed Amitriptyline? Take with food Take only when needed Take in the morning Take at bedtime 23. A patient on a diuretic medication presents with symptoms of muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat. What should the nurse consider regarding electrolyte monitoring? The nurse should consider that the diuretic may cause electrolyte imbalances, necessitating close monitoring of potassium and sodium levels. The nurse should only monitor uric acid levels. The nurse should focus on monitoring blood glucose levels instead. The nurse should ignore the symptoms as they are unrelated to medication. 24. Propranolol (beta-adrenergic blocker) has been ordered for a patient with hypertension. Because of adverse effects related to this drug, the nurse would carefully monitor for what adverse effect? bradycardia tachycardia edema bronchodilation 25. Why is it important for clients to avoid operating heavy machinery while on Buspirone? Buspirone is a stimulant that increases energy levels. Buspirone has no effect on motor skills. Buspirone enhances alertness, making it safe to operate machinery. Buspirone may cause drowsiness or dizziness, impairing the ability to operate machinery safely. 26. Which of the following actions is most important before assisting a patient to take prescribed nitroglycerin? Determine whether the patient has any allergies. Determine whether the patient has a headache. Evaluate the patient's blood pressure. Attach the patient to an AED. 27. Describe the types of symptoms a patient might experience as adverse effects when taking atorvastatin. Patients might experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, rash, headache, and fatigue. Patients might experience no symptoms at all. Patients might experience increased energy and improved mood. Patients might experience only gastrointestinal symptoms. 28. What conditions is Famotidine primarily prescribed for? Hypertension and heart failure Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Stomach ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and GERD Diabetes and hyperlipidemia 29. A patient is receiving digoxin 0.25 mg daily as part of treatment for heart failure when assessing the patient before med administration which assessment finding would be of most concern? heart rate of 58 beats per minute dig level of 0.8 1+ equal edema bilaterally potassium of 2.9 30. A 55-year-old male client is admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of a myocardial infarction. Which question by the nurse is the most appropriate before administering nitroglycerin? Are you allergic to any food or medications? On a scale from 0 to 10, what is the rating of your chest pain? Have you taken any drugs like Viagra recently? Are you light-headed or dizzy right now? 31. The nurse is preparing to administer a beta blocker drug to a client to treat hypertension. Which action is essential prior to administration of the drug? Monitor apical heart rate Assess for hypertension Assess for wheezing Monitor radial pulse 32. A patient on a beta-blocker medication presents with a heart rate of 50 bpm. What should the nurse's immediate action be based on the importance of monitoring heart rate? Increase the patient's medication dosage immediately. Document the heart rate and continue monitoring without further action. Administer a dose of atropine to increase the heart rate. Assess the patient for signs of bradycardia and consider notifying the healthcare provider. 33. Describe how a current medication list contributes to safe medication management in healthcare. It simplifies the process of prescribing new medications. It helps healthcare providers avoid drug interactions and ensures safe medication management. It allows for quicker patient assessments without medication review. It reduces the number of medications a patient can take. 34. Describe the importance of remaining upright after taking Alendronate and the potential risks if this instruction is not followed. Remaining upright after taking Alendronate helps prevent esophageal irritation and reduces the risk of dysphagia and esophagitis. Remaining upright is only important for patients with a history of gastric ulcers. Remaining upright is unnecessary as Alendronate does not affect the esophagus. Remaining upright is a general guideline for all medications. 35. If a patient is experiencing elevated heart rate and blood pressure, which medication might be prescribed, and what is its expected mechanism of action? Metoprolol, which stimulates B1 receptors to increase heart rate. Lisinopril, which blocks angiotensin II receptors to increase heart rate. Propranolol, which blocks B1 and B2 receptors to lower heart rate and blood pressure. Amlodipine, which increases calcium influx to lower blood pressure. 36. A patient is prescribed Latanoprost and is currently using a different eye drop that contains thimerosal. What should the nurse advise the patient? To continue using both eyedrops simultaneously. To use thimerosal-containing eyedrops only at night. To switch to a different medication without consulting a doctor. To discontinue the use of the eyedrop containing thimerosal. 37. In a scenario where a patient is experiencing adverse effects from a medication, how would the nursing process be utilized to address this issue? By only documenting the adverse effects without further action. By referring the patient to a specialist without any initial assessment. By immediately discontinuing all medications without assessment. By assessing the patient's symptoms, diagnosing the problem, planning interventions, implementing the plan, and evaluating the patient's response. 38. What does pharmacokinetics refer to when discussing drugs in patients? Distribution, absorption, cognitive impairment, & excretion Distribution, cognitive impairments, & adverse drug events Absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion Distribution, non-adherence, metabolism, & excretion 39. A patient on propranolol is also prescribed a calcium channel blocker. What should the nurse monitor for in this patient? Elevated blood glucose levels Signs of hypotension Increased heart rate Signs of dehydration 40. A patient with diabetes is experiencing high blood sugar levels after meals. How might the administration of Lispro insulin affect their condition? It would lower their blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake. It would have no effect on their blood sugar levels. It would increase insulin resistance in their cells. It would raise their blood sugar levels by inhibiting insulin production. 41. Why is it important to avoid thimerosal in eyedrops when using Latanoprost? Thimerosal has no effect on Latanoprost. Thimerosal enhances the absorption of Latanoprost. Thimerosal can inactivate Latanoprost, reducing its effectiveness. Thimerosal is a necessary component for Latanoprost to work. 42. The nurse teaches the client with glaucoma that latanoprost (Xalatan) will work to decrease the intraocular pressure by: decreasing the production of aqueous humor increasing the outflow of aqueous humor decreasing the plasma volume causing permanent constriction of the pupil 43. What is the primary reason for monitoring patient responses during medication administration? To schedule follow-up appointments. To increase the dosage of the medication. To ensure the effectiveness of the medication and identify any adverse effects. To determine the cost of the medication. 44. Why is it important for patients on Levothyroxine to report symptoms such as tremors and palpitations? These symptoms are normal and do not require attention. These symptoms are unrelated to Levothyroxine therapy. These symptoms may indicate an overactive thyroid or excessive dosage, requiring medical evaluation. These symptoms indicate a need for dietary changes. 45. Latanoprost drops are prescribed for the client with glaucoma. The client returns to the health care clinic for evaluation. Which finding noted in the client indicates a side effect associated with the use of these eye drops? Cardiac dysrhythmias Brown pigmentation of the iris Periorbital edema Elevated blood pressure 46. Describe the significance of pharmacokinetics in the context of medication administration. Pharmacokinetics is only important for understanding drug interactions. Pharmacokinetics is significant because it helps determine the appropriate dosage and timing of medications based on how the body processes them. Pharmacokinetics is irrelevant to nursing assessments. Pharmacokinetics focuses solely on the drug's chemical structure. 47. A patient on digoxin presents with nausea and visual disturbances. What should be your immediate nursing intervention? Increase the patient's fluid intake. Assess for signs of digitalis toxicity. Check the patient's blood glucose levels. Administer an antiemetic medication. 48. A patient taking Hydrocortisone reports sudden weight gain and swelling. What should be the nurse's immediate action? Schedule a follow-up appointment in one month. Assess the patient for signs of potential complications related to Hydrocortisone therapy. Advise the patient to stop taking Hydrocortisone immediately. Reassure the patient that weight gain is a normal side effect. 49. What is the primary use of dobutamine and dopamine? Long-term heart failure treatment. Preventing arrhythmias. Short-term treatment of acute heart failure. Hypertension management. 50. The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect after administering insulin lispro to a patient? Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Hypotension Pedal edema 51. In a patient receiving Dobutamine, if a beta blocker is prescribed, what should the nurse monitor for? Enhanced therapeutic effect of Dobutamine Decreased blood pressure Increased heart rate Potential reduction in Dobutamine effectiveness 52. A patient taking Levothyroxine Sodium (Levothroid, Synthroid) should be told to report symptoms of: hyperthyroidism Graves Disease Acromegaly hypothyroidism 53. What should we teach patients about antacids? Do not crush or chew the tablet Take with other medications Drink less fluids while taking them Administer one hour before or two hours after other meds. 54. Which two types of medications are known to interact with propranolol? Diuretics and anticoagulants Calcium channel blockers and antihypertensive medications Statins and NSAIDs Antidepressants and antipsychotics 55. Why is it important for patients to notify their provider if they experience blurry vision while taking Amitriptyline? Blurry vision is a sign of dehydration. Blurry vision is a common side effect that does not need to be reported. Blurry vision may indicate an adverse effect that requires medical attention. Blurry vision is a normal adjustment period for the medication. 56. Pharmacokinetics refers to None of the above. What the body does to the drug. It defines exposure to the drug. What the drug does to the body. It defines effect of the drug. Response to the drug. It combines both exposure and effect of the drug. 57. When teaching a client when to take glipizide in order to maximize the effectiveness of the drug, the nurse should instruct the client to: Take glipizide immediately after meals. Take glipizide four times a day, at evenly spaced intervals. Take glipizide as indicated by blood glucose values. Take glipizide 30 minutes before breakfast. 58. What condition is atorvastatin primarily used to treat? Hypertension Primary hypercholesterolemia Diabetes Heart failure 59. What is the primary role of Lispro insulin in glucose metabolism? Promoting cell uptake and use of glucose Increasing insulin resistance in tissues Stimulating glucagon release Inhibiting glucose production in the liver 60. Describe the significance of monitoring electrolyte levels in patients prescribed digoxin. Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial because imbalances can increase the risk of digitalis toxicity. Monitoring electrolyte levels helps in determining the patient's hydration status. Monitoring electrolyte levels is irrelevant to digoxin therapy. Monitoring electrolyte levels is only necessary if the patient shows symptoms. 61. Describe how Albuterol functions in the treatment of asthma-related conditions. Albuterol works as a bronchodilator, relaxing the muscles in the airways to improve breathing. Albuterol increases mucus production to clear the airways. Albuterol acts as an antihistamine to prevent allergic reactions. Albuterol reduces inflammation in the lungs to enhance airflow. 62. Which laboratory values should be monitored for a patient taking Acetaminophen? Calcium, Sodium, Potassium Glucose, Hemoglobin, Platelets Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Creatinine ALT/AST, WBCs, BUN/creatinine 63. What is the mechanism by which Dobutamine increases cardiac output? Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle Cell surface dobutamine receptors Inhibition of α-adrenergic receptors Inhibition of cyclic AMP breakdown Activation of β-adrenergic receptors 64. Dobutamine (Dobutrex) is used to treat shock because: It is a powerful vasoconstrictor. It increases myocardial contractility and heart rate. It decreases cardiac output. It increases myocardial contractility without significantly increasing heart rate. 65. Describe how the interactions of Lispro insulin with beta blockers and glucocorticoids can affect a patient's treatment plan. Beta blockers and glucocorticoids are safe to use with Lispro insulin without any concerns. Beta blockers enhance the effect of Lispro insulin, while glucocorticoids have no significant impact. Both beta blockers and glucocorticoids decrease the effectiveness of Lispro insulin. Beta blockers may mask hypoglycemic symptoms, while glucocorticoids can increase blood glucose levels, complicating diabetes management. 66. Describe the significance of monitoring patient responses in the context of medication administration. Monitoring patient responses helps in assessing the medication's effectiveness and detecting any adverse effects that may require treatment adjustments. Monitoring patient responses is not necessary if the patient feels fine. Monitoring patient responses is primarily for legal documentation purposes. Monitoring patient responses is only necessary for high-risk medications. 67. What is Albuterol used to treat? Asthma Tachycardia Allergic reaction Hyperemesis gravidarum 68. If a patient taking atorvastatin reports experiencing both nausea and fatigue, what should a nurse consider in their assessment? The nurse should disregard these symptoms as unrelated to the medication. The nurse should consider these symptoms as potential adverse effects of atorvastatin. The nurse should assume the patient has a viral infection. The nurse should immediately change the patient's medication. 69. What is the primary purpose of monitoring heart rate during medication administration? To evaluate respiratory function during treatment. To monitor the patient's temperature changes. To assess cardiovascular response to medications, especially those affecting heart function. To determine the patient's blood pressure levels. 70. A patient with asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation. How would the administration of Albuterol impact their respiratory status? It would have no effect on their respiratory status. It would worsen their respiratory status by causing bronchoconstriction. It would lead to increased mucus production, complicating breathing. It would improve their respiratory status by causing bronchodilation. 71. How would the nurse know lisinopril was effective? Blood pressure 120/72 mm Hg Cool, dry, pale extremities Serum sodium 140 mEq/L Serum potassium 3.8 mEq/L 72. Class: Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril Beta blockers ARBs Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) Antidysrhythmics 73. A patient on a beta-blocker presents with elevated creatinine levels. What should be the nurse's immediate concern regarding the patient's medication? Increasing the dosage to improve efficacy. Switching to a different class of medication. Adjusting the medication dosage due to potential renal impairment. Continuing the medication without changes. 74. A client with seizures is prescribed phenytoin. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize? Evaluate the client's pulse rate and rhythm. Obtain serum plasma drug levels regularly. Check the client's temperature every 3 to 4 hours. Assess the client's respiratory rate. 75. If a patient receiving Dobutamine reports chest pain and shortness of breath, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Administer an antihypertensive medication immediately. Continue administering Dobutamine as prescribed. Reassure the patient that these symptoms are normal. Assess the patient's vital signs and notify the healthcare provider. 76. Why is it important for patients to space out antacid administration from other medications? To reduce the side effects of antacids. To prevent interactions that may affect the absorption of other drugs. To increase the dosage of the other medications. To enhance the effectiveness of the other medications. 77. Describe the significance of monitoring blood pressure in patients taking lisinopril. Monitoring blood pressure is crucial to ensure the medication is effectively managing hypertension and to prevent hypotension. Blood pressure monitoring is unnecessary since lisinopril does not affect blood pressure. Blood pressure should only be monitored if the patient experiences symptoms. Blood pressure is monitored to assess kidney function. 78. Describe the therapeutic uses of Famotidine and how it helps manage gastrointestinal conditions. Famotidine increases stomach acid production to aid digestion. Famotidine is primarily used to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Famotidine is used to reduce stomach acid, helping to treat conditions like ulcers and GERD. Famotidine is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. 79. What is Atorvastatin's therapeutic use? To reduce triglycerides & VLDL, and increase HDL Reduction of LDL & cholesterol Treatment of hyperlipidemia not responding to diet & weight loss; to slow progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) when combine with a bile acid sequestrant Adjunct to therapy with statin to reduce LDL Reduction of cholesterol 80. A patient on propranolol presents with dizziness and a heart rate of 50 bpm. What should be the nurse's immediate action? Administer a dose of atropine. Assess the patient's blood pressure and hold the medication. Continue with the scheduled dose of propranolol. Notify the physician without assessing the patient. 81. Through which mechanism does dobutamine elevate blood pressure? Increasing cardiac output Vasodilation Vasoconstriction Positive alpha effects 82. A client on lisinopril reports feeling light-headed when standing up. What should the nurse advise the client to do? Change positions slowly to prevent dizziness. Take the medication with food to avoid light-headedness. Increase fluid intake without consulting a doctor. Stop taking the medication immediately. 83. The nurse teaches the patient about lisinopril (Prinivil) and evaluates that additional teaching is required when the patient makes which statement? I will monitor my blood pressure until my next appointment. I will avoid using salt substitutes for seasoning. It takes a while for this medication to take effect. I dont need to worry about having blood tests done. 84. What is the primary focus of the nursing process during the "Implementation" phase? Executing the plan of care Evaluating patient outcomes Planning appropriate nursing actions Analyzing patient data 85. Describe why monitoring renal function tests is important for a patient on furosemide. Monitoring renal function tests is important because furosemide can affect kidney function and electrolyte balance. Monitoring renal function tests is unnecessary for patients on furosemide. Monitoring renal function tests is only relevant for patients on other medications. Monitoring renal function tests is only needed if the patient shows symptoms. 86. What does assessing respiratory rate help evaluate in patients receiving respiratory medications? Heart rate variability Nutritional status Blood pressure levels Effectiveness of respiratory treatments 87. What specific patient history should be evaluated before administering Sildenafil? History of diabetes History of cardiovascular disorders History of respiratory issues History of renal failure 88. Describe how linezolid affects the use of Dobutamine in a clinical setting. Linezolid can increase hypertension when used with Dobutamine. Linezolid decreases the efficacy of Dobutamine. Linezolid has no effect on Dobutamine. Linezolid enhances the effects of Dobutamine. 89. If a patient on Levothyroxine reports experiencing heat intolerance and weight loss, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Advise the patient to stop taking the medication immediately. Schedule a follow-up appointment in six months. Assess the patient's thyroid hormone levels and review their medication dosage. Increase the patient's dosage without further assessment. 90. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be treated with famotidine. Medications such as famotidine decrease symptoms by: Blocking gastric acid production within the proton pump of the parietal cells. Lower the pH of gastric secretions, thus reducing tissue irritation. Blocking histamine 2 receptors in the gastric mucosa, thus reducing gastric acid production. Coating the stomach and duodenum, thus protecting damaged tissue and allowing it to heal. 91. What is the primary use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as atorvastatin (Lipitor)? Reduce serum lipid levels Increase blood clotting Lower blood sugar levels Reduce blood pressure 92. A patient on lisinopril presents with elevated potassium levels. What should the nurse's immediate action be? Continue to administer lisinopril as prescribed. Document the potassium level and monitor the patient without further action. Increase the patient's potassium intake. Notify the healthcare provider and assess the patient for signs of hyperkalemia. 93. Describe how Latanoprost achieves its effect on intraocular pressure. Latanoprost increases intraocular pressure by constricting the pupil. Latanoprost decreases aqueous humor production by inhibiting the ciliary body. Latanoprost increases aqueous humor outflow by relaxing the ciliary muscle. Latanoprost blocks the drainage of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. 94. A patient on Lispro insulin is prescribed a new medication regimen that includes a glucocorticoid. What steps should the nurse take to ensure safe administration? Monitor the patient's blood glucose levels closely and educate them about potential changes in their insulin requirements. Discontinue Lispro insulin immediately and switch to a different medication. Administer a higher dose of Lispro insulin without monitoring. Advise the patient to stop taking the glucocorticoid if they experience any side effects. 95. Which of the following is a specific thing the nurse should monitor with a patient on furosemide? Weight Potassium levels Renal and hepatic function All of the above 96. If a patient reports difficulty swallowing after taking Alendronate, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Assess the patient for symptoms of dysphagia or esophagitis. Encourage the patient to continue taking the medication without changes. Advise the patient to lie down for comfort. Instruct the patient to take more water with the next dose. 97. A patient on Phenytoin presents with slurred speech and decreased reflexes. What should be the nurse's immediate priority based on the assessments required for this medication? Monitor drug levels and assess for signs of toxicity. Administer a dose of Phenytoin. Schedule a follow-up appointment with a neurologist. Increase the patient's fluid intake. 98. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of Albuterol? Hypotension Tachycardia Nausea Drowsiness 99. If a patient suddenly stops taking Amitriptyline after being on it for several months, what potential issue might they face? Withdrawal symptoms Enhanced mood stability Increased energy levels Improved sleep quality 100. If a patient using Albuterol reports experiencing tachycardia, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Administer a dose of beta-blocker to counteract the tachycardia. Reassure the patient that tachycardia is a normal effect of the medication. Encourage the patient to stop using Albuterol immediately. Assess the patient's heart rate and notify the healthcare provider. 101. What symptoms would a person have if they consumed alcohol while taking disulfiram? Nausea, vomiting, sweating, palpitations, and hypotension Agitation, fever, seizures, tremors, confusion, delusions Restlessness, craving, depression, confusion Insomnia, restlessness, nausea, decreased appetite 102. Latanoprost (Xalatan) adverse effects photophobia and/or visual disturbances eyelashes growth on treated eye (thicker and darker) changes in pigmentation of iris if treated eye all of the above 103. Describe how propranolol's interactions with other medications can impact patient care. Propranolol's interactions with calcium channel blockers and antihypertensive medications can lead to increased risk of hypotension and may mask hypoglycemic effects. Propranolol has no significant interactions with other medications. Propranolol enhances the effects of diuretics, leading to dehydration. Propranolol increases the effectiveness of statins in lowering cholesterol. 104. Patients taking atorvastatin are usually advised to limit or avoid grapefruit juice, and to notify their health care provider if they are taking any of a long list of other medications, including various antifungals, erythromycin (an antibiotic), and diltiazem (an antihypertensive). What do these various substances have in common. all increase the rate at which atorvastatin is converted to its active metabolite all reduced expression of the gene that codes for the target of atorvastatin all can interfere with metabolism of atorvastatin all lower cholesterol by increasing its conversion to bile acids 105. Describe how atorvastatin's interactions with certain medications can impact patient safety. Atorvastatin has no significant interactions with other medications. Atorvastatin's interactions lead to decreased effectiveness of the drug. Atorvastatin only interacts with dietary supplements. Atorvastatin's interactions with medications like warfarin and antifungals can increase the risk of myopathy, necessitating careful monitoring. 106. Why is it important to record a patient's reaction to the administered drug? To share with the patient's family for feedback To justify the choice of drug for that patient To document the patient's response and identify potential adverse reactions To determine the drug's shelf life 107. What preservative should be avoided in eyedrops when administering Latanoprost? Sodium chloride Benzalkonium chloride Ethanol Thimerosal 108. What is/are a potential adverse side effect of albuterol? A. Tremors D. A and C C. Increased heart rate B. Decreased heart rate 109. The nurse caring for a patient who is taking the prostaglandin analog latanoprost would document which finding as an adverse effect? Ocular stinging and conjunctivitis Heightened brown pigment of the iris Headache, dry mouth, and altered taste Tachycardia and hypertension 110. A patient receiving a bronchodilator shows an increased respiratory rate. What should the nurse consider as a possible implication of this finding? Decreased medication effectiveness Improved lung function Normal response to medication Potential respiratory distress 111. The drug dobutamine is a β1 agonist. It can be used to: Lower blood sugar in diabetes Treat hypertension Treat asthma Treat heart failure in shock 112. Describe how atorvastatin contributes to cardiovascular health in diabetic patients. Atorvastatin primarily treats hypertension in diabetic patients. Atorvastatin increases blood sugar levels, which can lead to complications. Atorvastatin is used to manage heart failure symptoms. Atorvastatin helps lower cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and strokes in diabetic patients. 113. A client on levothyroxine reports feeling nervous, palpitations and tremors. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms may indicate what effect is occurring? The client has developed diabetes and needs further evaluation. The client is experiencing symptoms of hyperthyroidism and the drug dosage may need to be decreased. The client is still experiencing hypothyroidism and the dose may need to be increased. The client now has normal thyroid function and the drugs is no longer needed. 114. What is the most common adverse reaction when taking insulin? Insulin edema Lipoatrophy Hypertension Hypoglycemia Hypersensitivity 115. When assessing a patient's respiratory rate, you are observing for what? Breaths per minute Ease of respirations Chest rise and overall exertion (or lack of) All of the above 116. Which of the following is the most common adverse event associated with insulin, including Humalog Mix50/50? Allergic reactions Myalgia Hypoglycemia Injection site reactions 117. What is the primary therapeutic use of Albuterol? To alleviate pain and inflammation. To control blood sugar levels. To manage hypertension and heart failure. To treat exercise-induced asthma, bronchospasm, and asthma-related wheezing. 118. A patient is administered a new medication and begins to show signs of an adverse reaction. What should the healthcare provider do next based on the importance of monitoring patient responses? Inform the patient that adverse reactions are normal. Assess the patient's symptoms and adjust the treatment plan as necessary. Document the reaction and wait for the next scheduled dose. Continue administering the medication without changes. 119. Which question has priority when assessing a client for risk factors related to the use of sildenafil (Viagra)? "How old are you?" "Have you ever been told you have prostate problems?" "Are you currently being treated for hypertension?" "Do you have a history of respiratory infections?" 120. What is the most immediate and serious adverse effect of insulin lispro (Humalog)? Hyperkalemia Hypoglycemia Lipodystrophy Weight Gain 121. Which medications are known to interact with Lispro insulin? Opioids, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Statins, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Beta blockers, salicylates, alcohol, thiazide and loop diuretics, thyroid medications, glucocorticoids, sulfonylureas, and meglitinides. Antibiotics, anticoagulants, NSAIDs, and antihistamines. 122. What adverse effect is associated with dobutamine administration? Tachycardia Bradycardia Respiratory depression Hypotension 123. A patient on atorvastatin is prescribed erythromycin for a bacterial infection. What should the nurse do to ensure patient safety? Advise the patient to avoid all medications. Increase the atorvastatin dosage. Monitor the patient for signs of myopathy. Discontinue the atorvastatin immediately. 124. Describe why it is important to monitor heart rate in patients taking medications that influence heart function. Monitoring heart rate is unrelated to medication effects and is only for general health assessment. Monitoring heart rate helps ensure that the medication is having the desired effect on heart function and allows for timely intervention if adverse effects occur. Monitoring heart rate is only necessary for patients with known heart conditions. Monitoring heart rate is primarily for assessing lung function during medication administration. 125. A patient with heart failure is prescribed Furosemide, a loop diuretic. What is the nurse's priority assessment before administering the medication? Liver function tests. Electrolyte levels. Blood glucose level. Daily weight. 126. Describe the significance of monitoring ALT/AST levels in patients taking Acetaminophen. Monitoring ALT/AST levels helps assess liver function and detect potential liver damage due to Acetaminophen toxicity. Monitoring ALT/AST levels is only necessary for patients with a history of liver disease. Monitoring ALT/AST levels is irrelevant for patients taking Acetaminophen. Monitoring ALT/AST levels indicates kidney function and hydration status. 127. Describe how the stimulation of beta-1 receptors by Dobutamine affects heart function. Stimulation of beta-1 receptors by Dobutamine increases heart rate and contractility, leading to enhanced cardiac output. Stimulation of beta-2 receptors by Dobutamine increases peripheral resistance, affecting blood pressure. Stimulation of beta-1 receptors by Dobutamine decreases heart rate and contractility, reducing cardiac output. Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors by Dobutamine causes vasodilation, decreasing cardiac output. 128. A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient. Which laboratory result is the nurse most concerned about? Potassium 3.0 mEq/L Digitalis level 1.8 ng/mL Sodium 138 mEq/L BNP 200 pg/mL 129. What is the mechanism of action of insulin, lispro (rDNA)? Insulin lowers blood glucose by its actions on the intestine Insulin lowers glucose by its actions on DDP-IV Insulin binds to receptors on target tissues to regulate metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fats Insulin lowers blood glucose by its actions on the kidneys 130. If a patient taking Sildenafil reports sudden vision changes, what should be the immediate nursing intervention? Reassure the patient that it is a common side effect. Administer an additional dose of Sildenafil. Assess the patient's vision and notify the healthcare provider. Continue to monitor vital signs only. 131. A patient who presents to the ER with acute closure glaucoma is being managed with latanoprost. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of this drug? Decreases pupil size Increases outflow Causes mydriasis Decreases production of aqueous humor 132. How does latanoprost work? relaxes ciliary muscles to reduce amount of aqueous humor relaxes ciliary muscles to improve uveoscleral outflow constricts ciliary muscles to reduce amount of aqueous humor constricts ciliary muscles to improve trabecular outflow 133. If a patient taking Disulfiram reports experiencing flushing and dyspnea, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Administer a dose of acetaminophen. Encourage the patient to drink more fluids. Assess the patient's vital signs and symptoms. Discontinue the medication without further assessment. 134. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting to take amitriptyline. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I might experience a decrease in appetite when taking this medication." "I will experience a slower heart rate with this medication." "I should take this medication at bedtime." "I might need to decrease my fluid intake while taking this medication." 135. Why is it important for patients on Hydrocortisone to avoid live vaccines? Live vaccines are ineffective in patients taking Hydrocortisone. Patients on Hydrocortisone may have a suppressed immune response, making them more susceptible to infections from live vaccines. Hydrocortisone enhances the effectiveness of live vaccines. There is no specific reason to avoid live vaccines while on Hydrocortisone. 136. When starting a patient on Propranolol, you might expect one of the following adverse effects: Hypertension Increased cardiac output Bradycardia Polyuria 137. What is the mechanism of action of albuterol? suppress inflammation and mucus production blocks acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle blocks H2 receptors in the stomach activates the beta2 receptors in the smooth muscle of the lungs 138. Describe how Lispro insulin functions in relation to blood sugar levels after a meal. Lispro insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood sugar levels after meals. Lispro insulin inhibits the release of glucose from the pancreas. Lispro insulin increases blood sugar levels by promoting glycogen breakdown. Lispro insulin has no effect on blood sugar levels after meals. 139. If a patient receiving ADH reports sudden chest pain or pressure, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Administer a pain reliever as prescribed. Reassure the patient that it is a common side effect. Monitor the patient's vital signs and document the findings. Notify the healthcare provider immediately. 140. What should clients be advised to report when taking lisinopril? Abdominal pain Nausea Headaches Fatigue 141. A client is receiving sodium nitroprusside intravenously to treat a hypertensive emergency. Which ongoing assessment is the priority during the administration of this medication? Arterial blood gasses Blood pressure Serum thiocyanate levels Urine output 142. Why is it important for clients taking lisinopril to avoid salt substitutes? Salt substitutes are high in sodium, which can counteract the effects of lisinopril. Salt substitutes may contain potassium, which can lead to hyperkalemia when combined with lisinopril. Salt substitutes have no effect on lisinopril and can be used freely. Salt substitutes can cause allergic reactions in some patients. 143. Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of propranolol? Hyperglycemia Hypertension Bradycardia Increased heart rate 144. Describe the importance of monitoring kidney and liver function in patients receiving Heparin. Monitoring kidney and liver function is only necessary for patients with diabetes. Monitoring kidney and liver function is important to ensure proper drug metabolism and excretion, reducing the risk of adverse effects. Monitoring kidney and liver function helps in diagnosing infections. Monitoring kidney and liver function is irrelevant for Heparin administration. 145. A patient receiving Ondansetron reports experiencing palpitations. What should the nurse prioritize in their assessment? Measuring blood pressure ECG monitoring Assessing pain levels Checking skin turgor 146. Describe the significance of monitoring ECG in patients taking Verapamil. ECG monitoring is only needed for patients with a history of heart disease. ECG monitoring is only relevant for patients taking diuretics. Monitoring ECG is unnecessary as Verapamil does not impact heart function. Monitoring ECG is crucial because Verapamil can affect heart rhythm and conduction. 147. Which receptors does Dobutamine primarily stimulate to enhance cardiac output? Alpha-1 receptors Beta-2 receptors Dopamine receptors Beta-1 receptors 148. In a scenario where a patient presents with multiple prescriptions from different providers, how would maintaining a current medication list assist the healthcare team? It would allow for immediate medication discontinuation. It would help identify potential drug interactions. It would ensure all medications are prescribed by a single provider. It would eliminate the need for patient education on medications. 149. If a patient on Verapamil presents with a heart rate of 50 bpm and low blood pressure, what should the nurse's immediate action be? Administer a dose of atropine to increase heart rate. Continue to monitor without taking any action. Increase the dose of Verapamil to stabilize heart rate. Assess the patient for signs of hypotension and notify the healthcare provider. 150. A patient presents with elevated ALT/AST levels after taking Acetaminophen for pain relief. What should be the nurse's immediate action? Increase the dosage of Acetaminophen to manage pain. Assess for signs of liver toxicity and notify the healthcare provider. Advise the patient to stop taking all medications immediately. Continue administering Acetaminophen as prescribed. 151. A nurse is preparing phenytoin. The nurse understands that this drug has a narrow therapeutic index. What should the nurse monitor in a client taking a drug with a narrow therapeutic level? 1. EEG 3. hourly urine outputs 2. fasting blood sugar 4. serum drug levels 152. Describe how the adverse effects of Disulfiram might impact a patient's daily life. Patients will experience only mild headaches with Disulfiram. Disulfiram has no adverse effects on daily life. The adverse effects of Disulfiram, such as insomnia and fatigue, can significantly affect a patient's ability to function normally in daily activities. The adverse effects of Disulfiram only occur during the first week of treatment. 153. What dietary recommendations should a patient taking Hydrocortisone follow? Maintain a balanced diet without any specific restrictions. Increase carbohydrates and sodium while decreasing protein and calcium. Increase protein, potassium, and calcium while decreasing sodium and carbohydrates. Increase fats and sugars while decreasing protein and potassium. 154. What are the four main processes involved in pharmacokinetics? Distribution, metabolism, elimination, and interaction. Administration, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Absorption, synthesis, metabolism, and excretion. 155. Which receptors does Albuterol primarily target to exert its effects? Histamine receptors Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors Muscarinic receptors Beta-2 adrenergic receptors 156. The nurse is caring for a pt with heart failure who has been prescribed furosemide at home. To help the pt evaluate the effectiveness of furosemide therapy, the nurse will teach the pt to take BP daily have serum potassium drawn weekly weigh daily keep daily record of urine output 157. If a patient on Nitroprusside shows signs of confusion and increased heart rate, what should be the immediate nursing action? Increase the Nitroprusside dosage. Assess for signs of cyanide toxicity. Reassure the patient that these symptoms are normal. Administer a beta-blocker. 158. What receptors does propranolol block to exert its effects on blood pressure and heart rate? D1 and D2 receptors M1 and M2 receptors A1 and A2 receptors B1 and B2 receptors 159. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of albuterol? Hypertension Tachycardia Hypotension Bradycardia 160. If a patient taking Nitroglycerin reports dizziness and a drop in blood pressure, what immediate nursing intervention should be prioritized? Administer a dose of aspirin. Increase the Nitroglycerin dosage. Encourage the patient to stand up slowly. Reassess vital signs and ensure patient safety. 161. Which vital signs should a nurse specifically monitor in a patient receiving Verapamil? Only blood pressure and heart rate. ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, and signs of hypotension or edema. Liver function tests and renal function tests. Respiratory rate, temperature, and blood glucose levels. 162. Why is it important for patients taking Glipizide to report signs of hypoglycemia? It is not important to report hypoglycemia as it is a common side effect. Hypoglycemia does not affect the effectiveness of Glipizide. Patients should ignore hypoglycemia signs as they will resolve on their own. Reporting signs of hypoglycemia is crucial because it can prevent severe complications and ensure timely treatment. 163. The drug Propranolol is used to treat hypertension. This drug works to heart rate by B1 receptors in the heart Increase; activating Decrease; blocking Decrease; activating Increase; blocking 164. What is the recommended timing for taking Glipizide in relation to meals? Immediately after breakfast At bedtime With lunch 30 minutes before breakfast 165. What is the recommended timing for taking antacids in relation to other medications? 1 or 2 hours before or after interacting drugs At the same time as other medications Only after meals Immediately before taking other medications 166. Which drug class is primarily used to lower cholesterol levels? Statins Antibiotics Beta-blockers ACE inhibitors 167. A patient on Heparin shows signs of active bleeding. What should be the immediate nursing intervention? Increase the Heparin dosage to control bleeding. Administer an oral anticoagulant immediately. Continue monitoring without any changes. Stop the Heparin infusion and notify the healthcare provider. 168. Describe the relationship between propranolol's mechanism of action and its effects on cardiovascular function. Propranolol stimulates alpha receptors, causing vasodilation. Propranolol enhances B1 and B2 receptor activity, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Propranolol inhibits calcium channels, leading to increased heart rate. Propranolol blocks B1 and B2 receptors, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure. 169. Which medication is known to antagonize the effects of Dobutamine? ACE inhibitors Statins Calcium channel blockers Beta blockers 170. Describe the effect of Albuterol on bronchial smooth muscle and its significance in respiratory therapy. Albuterol blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic reactions. Albuterol increases mucus production in the airways, aiding in respiratory function. Albuterol constricts bronchial smooth muscle, which helps in treating asthma. Albuterol causes bronchodilation by acting on beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, which is significant for relieving asthma symptoms. 171. Describe the role of beta-blockers in medication management and their therapeutic uses. Beta-blockers are utilized for enhancing digestion. Beta-blockers are used to manage hypertension and heart conditions by reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers are used to treat infections. Beta-blockers are primarily used for pain relief.