NUR 631 Advanced Physiology and
Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions and Answers| Updated
Serum Iron Concentration - ANSWER-Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - ANSWER-Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - ANSWER-Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - ANSWER-Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - ANSWER-Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - ANSWER-Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANSWER-Anemia associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - ANSWER-Anemia due to sudden loss of blood.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER-Anemia caused by insufficient iron.
,Petechial Hemorrhages - ANSWER-Small red or purple spots from bleeding under skin.
Bone Marrow Examination - ANSWER-Procedure to assess bone marrow health and function.
Overwhelming Bacterial Infection - ANSWER-Severe infection leading to systemic symptoms.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER-Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - ANSWER-Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - ANSWER-Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - ANSWER-Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - ANSWER-Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - ANSWER-Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - ANSWER-Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - ANSWER-Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Aplastic Anemia - ANSWER-Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
,Sickle Cells - ANSWER-Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Thickening of the heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER-Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic Dissection - ANSWER-Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing severe pain.
Tachycardia - ANSWER-Heart rate over 100 bpm, often symptomatic.
AV Dissociation - ANSWER-Atria and ventricles beat independently.
Nonsustained Supraventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER-Intermittent rapid heart rate from atria.
Sustained Wide Complex Atrial Tachycardia - ANSWER-Persistent rapid atrial rhythm with wide
QRS.
Wide Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER-Rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS
complexes.
Narrow Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER-Rapid ventricular rhythm with narrow QRS
complexes.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER-Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leads
to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - ANSWER-Percentage of blood pumped from heart per beat.
, Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER-Backward flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium.
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER-Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
Bradycardia - ANSWER-Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - ANSWER-Interruption in electrical conduction below
atrioventricular node.
Blocked Pathway at SA Node - ANSWER-Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
Reentry Pathway - ANSWER-Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
Paravalvular Leak - ANSWER-Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER-Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
Aortic Regurgitation - ANSWER-Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANSWER-Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSWER-Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWER-Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions and Answers| Updated
Serum Iron Concentration - ANSWER-Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - ANSWER-Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - ANSWER-Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - ANSWER-Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - ANSWER-Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - ANSWER-Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANSWER-Anemia associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - ANSWER-Anemia due to sudden loss of blood.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER-Anemia caused by insufficient iron.
,Petechial Hemorrhages - ANSWER-Small red or purple spots from bleeding under skin.
Bone Marrow Examination - ANSWER-Procedure to assess bone marrow health and function.
Overwhelming Bacterial Infection - ANSWER-Severe infection leading to systemic symptoms.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER-Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - ANSWER-Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - ANSWER-Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - ANSWER-Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - ANSWER-Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - ANSWER-Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - ANSWER-Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - ANSWER-Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
Aplastic Anemia - ANSWER-Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
,Sickle Cells - ANSWER-Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Thickening of the heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER-Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic Dissection - ANSWER-Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing severe pain.
Tachycardia - ANSWER-Heart rate over 100 bpm, often symptomatic.
AV Dissociation - ANSWER-Atria and ventricles beat independently.
Nonsustained Supraventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER-Intermittent rapid heart rate from atria.
Sustained Wide Complex Atrial Tachycardia - ANSWER-Persistent rapid atrial rhythm with wide
QRS.
Wide Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER-Rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS
complexes.
Narrow Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER-Rapid ventricular rhythm with narrow QRS
complexes.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER-Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leads
to dilation.
Ejection Fraction - ANSWER-Percentage of blood pumped from heart per beat.
, Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER-Backward flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium.
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ANSWER-Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
Bradycardia - ANSWER-Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - ANSWER-Interruption in electrical conduction below
atrioventricular node.
Blocked Pathway at SA Node - ANSWER-Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
Reentry Pathway - ANSWER-Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
Paravalvular Leak - ANSWER-Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
Aortic Stenosis - ANSWER-Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
Aortic Regurgitation - ANSWER-Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANSWER-Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANSWER-Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANSWER-Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
