FTCE EXCEPTIONAL STUDENT
EDUCATION K-12 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS AND DETAILED
RATIONALES
PortfolioghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
Aghcollectionghofghworkghproducedghbyghaghstudentghtoghcheckghstudentgheffort,ghprogressgh
andghachievementghsuchghasghaghlistghofghbooksghthatghtheghstudentghread,ghaghcollectiongho
fghtestsghandghhomework,ghetc.
FloridaghAlternativeghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-aghperformance-
basedghalternativeghassessmentghofghstudentghmasteryghofghAccessghPoint
Disproportionalitygh-ghANSWERS-studentsghfromghcertainghracial/
ethnic,ghlowghsocioeconomicghstatus,ghnon-
majorityghlinguisticghbackgroundsghandghEnglishghlanguageghlearnersghareghoverrepresen
tedghinghspecialgheducationghprograms
TestghBiasgh-ghANSWERS-
whenghcertainghgroupsghconsistentlyghscoreghdifferentlyghfromghotherghgroupsgh(e.g.,ghfem
alesghtendghtoghscoreghlowerghthanghmales)
Curriculum-basedghmeasurementgh(CBM)gh-ghANSWERS-
providesghinformationghaboutghstudentghmasteryghofghtheghgeneralgheducationghcurriculum
SummativeghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
theghprocessghofghevaluationghstudentghachievementghatghtheghendghofghanghinstructionalgh
periodgh(aghquizghadministratedghbyghtheghteacherghatghtheghendghofghanghinstructionalghunit,
ghaghstudent'sghreportghcard,ghagh"highghstakes",ghstateghachievementghtestghadministratedg
hatghtheghendghofghtheghschoolghyear.
FormativeghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
assessmentsgharegh"lowghstakes",ghtheirghmainghpurposeghisghnotghtoghjudgeghstudentsghpe
rformanceghbutghratherghtoghmonitorghstudentghprogressghandghidentifyghwaysghthatghinstru
ctionghcanghbeghimprovedghoverallghorghtailoredghtoghspecificghstudents.
ResponseghtoghInterventiongh(RTI)gh-ghANSWERS-
Theghthreeghlevelsghofghintensity,ghorghtiersghareghasghinghTiergh1gh-
ghatghriskghstudentsghreceiveghadditionalghinstructionghforghseveralghweeks;ghinghTiergh2gh-
ghstudentsghreceiveghmoreghintensiveghandghlonger-
lastingghinterventionsghifghtheyghhaveghnotghrespondedghtoghTiergh1;ghinghTiergh3gh-
ghstudentsghreceiveghmoreghintensive,ghindividualizedghinterventionsghifghtheyghhaveghnotghr
espondedghtoghTiergh2
,Sensorimotorghstagegh-ghANSWERS-
Piagetghdividedghthisghstageghintoghsixghsubstages:ghReflexesgh(0-
1ghmonth);ghPrimaryghCircularghReactionsgh(1-
4ghmonths);ghSecondaryghCircularghReactionsgh(4-
8ghmonths);ghCoordinationghofghReactionsgh(8-
12ghmonths),ghTertiaryghCircularghReactionsgh(12-
18ghmonths);ghEarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh(18-24ghmonths)
EarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh-ghANSWERS-18-
24ghmonths,ghchildrenghbeginghrepresentingghthingsghorgheventsghwithghsymbols.ghAghsignif
icantghsensorimotorghdevelopmentghisghobjectghpermanence,ghi.e.,ghrealizingghthingsghstillg
hexistghwhenghtheyghareghoutghofghsight.
0-1ghmonthgh-ghANSWERS-Reflexesgh(sensorimotorghstage)ghWhatghage?
1-4ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-infantsghfindghaccidentalghactionsghlikeghthumb-
suckingghpleasurableghandghthenghintentionallyghrepeatghthemgh(PrimaryghCircularghReacti
onsghofghsensorimotorghstage)ghWhatghage?
4-8ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
SecondaryghCircularghReactionsgh(Sensorimotorghstage):ghinfantsghintentionallyghrepeatgh
actionsghtoghevokeghenvironmentalgheffects.ghWhatghage?
8-12ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
CoordinationghofghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage):ghchildrenghrepeatghactionsghintentio
nally,ghcomprehendghcauseghandgheffectghandghcombineghschemasgh(concepts).ghWhatgha
ge?
12-18ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
TertiaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage):ghchildrenghexperimentghwithghtrial-
and-error.ghWhatghage?
18-24ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
EarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh(sensorimotorghstage):ghchildrenghbeginghrepresentin
gghthingsghandgheventsghwithghsymbols.ghAghsignificantghdevelopmentghisghObjectghPerma
nence,ghi.e.,ghrealizingghthatghthingghstillghexistghwhenghoutghofghsight.ghWhatghage?
EarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh(sensorimotorghstage):gh-ghANSWERS-18-
24ghmonths
TertiaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-12-18ghmonths
CoordinationghofghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage):gh-ghANSWERS-8-12ghmonths
SecondaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-4-8ghmonths
PrimaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-1-4ghmonths
Reflexesgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-0-1ghmonth
, Ecologicalghassessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
Theghgoalghofghtheghassessmentghisghtoghidentifyghenvironmentsghinghwhichghtheghstudentghf
unctionsghwithghgreaterghorghlesserghdifficulty,ghtoghunderstandghwhatghcontributesghtoghthe
seghdifferencesghinghfunctioningghandghtoghdrawghusefulghimplicationsghforghinstructionalghpl
anning.
Authenticghassessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
providesghdescriptionsghofghstudentghperformanceghonghreal-
lifeghtasksghcarriedghoutghinghrealghworldghsettings.
Accountabilitygh-ghANSWERS-
Theghprocessghofghrequiringghstudentsghtoghdemonstrateghthatghtheyghhaveghmetghspecified
ghcommonghcoreghstandardsghandghholdingghteachersghresponsibleghforghstudents'ghperfor
manceghisghtheghbestghdescribedghas
Itinerantghteachersgh-ghANSWERS-
Professionalghwhoghtravelghbetweenghtwoghorghmoreghschoolghsitesghtoghprovideghservicesg
htoghstudents.
TheghTransitionghplangh(Formgh1ghofghtheghIFSPgh-
ghIndividualizedghFamilyghSupportghPlan)gh-ghANSWERS-
Theghpaperworkghthatghneedsghtoghbeghcompletedghafterghtheghtransitionghconference.ghthe
ghIFSPghisghneededghforghanyghchildghwithghdevelopmentalghdelaysghwhoghattendsghtheghEar
lyghStepghProgram.
VoluntaryghPre-KindergartenghProgramgh-ghANSWERS-
theghprogramghenactedghingh2004,ghwhichghisghdesignedghtoghprepareghfour-year-
oldghchildrenghforghkindergartenghandghlayghtheghfoundationghforghtheirghsuccessghisghknowgh
as
Performance-basedghassessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
assessmentghthatghmeasuresghlearningghprocesses
Norm-basedghassessmentsgh-ghANSWERS-
Assessmentsghthatghgiveghusghsomeghideaghofghwhatghstudentsghneedghtoghknowghtoghachie
veghgradeghlevelghperformanceghareghreferredghas
Informedghconsentgh-ghANSWERS-
Parentsghbeingghnoticedghinghtheirghnativeghlanguageghofghallgheducationalghactivitiesghtoghb
eghconductedghduringghaghnondiscriminatoryghevaluationghofghtheirghchildghisghcalled
Curriculumghbasedghassessmentsgh-ghANSWERS-
Assessmentsghthatghareghusedghtoghdetermineghhowghaghstudentghisghperformingghinghorghm
asteringghtheghactualghcurriculum.
PorfolioghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
aghcollectionghofghworkghsystematicallyghcollectedghbyghaghteacherghtoghdetermineghlearnin
gghgainsghandghcurrentghperformanceghlevel.
EDUCATION K-12 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS AND DETAILED
RATIONALES
PortfolioghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
Aghcollectionghofghworkghproducedghbyghaghstudentghtoghcheckghstudentgheffort,ghprogressgh
andghachievementghsuchghasghaghlistghofghbooksghthatghtheghstudentghread,ghaghcollectiongho
fghtestsghandghhomework,ghetc.
FloridaghAlternativeghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-aghperformance-
basedghalternativeghassessmentghofghstudentghmasteryghofghAccessghPoint
Disproportionalitygh-ghANSWERS-studentsghfromghcertainghracial/
ethnic,ghlowghsocioeconomicghstatus,ghnon-
majorityghlinguisticghbackgroundsghandghEnglishghlanguageghlearnersghareghoverrepresen
tedghinghspecialgheducationghprograms
TestghBiasgh-ghANSWERS-
whenghcertainghgroupsghconsistentlyghscoreghdifferentlyghfromghotherghgroupsgh(e.g.,ghfem
alesghtendghtoghscoreghlowerghthanghmales)
Curriculum-basedghmeasurementgh(CBM)gh-ghANSWERS-
providesghinformationghaboutghstudentghmasteryghofghtheghgeneralgheducationghcurriculum
SummativeghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
theghprocessghofghevaluationghstudentghachievementghatghtheghendghofghanghinstructionalgh
periodgh(aghquizghadministratedghbyghtheghteacherghatghtheghendghofghanghinstructionalghunit,
ghaghstudent'sghreportghcard,ghagh"highghstakes",ghstateghachievementghtestghadministratedg
hatghtheghendghofghtheghschoolghyear.
FormativeghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
assessmentsgharegh"lowghstakes",ghtheirghmainghpurposeghisghnotghtoghjudgeghstudentsghpe
rformanceghbutghratherghtoghmonitorghstudentghprogressghandghidentifyghwaysghthatghinstru
ctionghcanghbeghimprovedghoverallghorghtailoredghtoghspecificghstudents.
ResponseghtoghInterventiongh(RTI)gh-ghANSWERS-
Theghthreeghlevelsghofghintensity,ghorghtiersghareghasghinghTiergh1gh-
ghatghriskghstudentsghreceiveghadditionalghinstructionghforghseveralghweeks;ghinghTiergh2gh-
ghstudentsghreceiveghmoreghintensiveghandghlonger-
lastingghinterventionsghifghtheyghhaveghnotghrespondedghtoghTiergh1;ghinghTiergh3gh-
ghstudentsghreceiveghmoreghintensive,ghindividualizedghinterventionsghifghtheyghhaveghnotghr
espondedghtoghTiergh2
,Sensorimotorghstagegh-ghANSWERS-
Piagetghdividedghthisghstageghintoghsixghsubstages:ghReflexesgh(0-
1ghmonth);ghPrimaryghCircularghReactionsgh(1-
4ghmonths);ghSecondaryghCircularghReactionsgh(4-
8ghmonths);ghCoordinationghofghReactionsgh(8-
12ghmonths),ghTertiaryghCircularghReactionsgh(12-
18ghmonths);ghEarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh(18-24ghmonths)
EarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh-ghANSWERS-18-
24ghmonths,ghchildrenghbeginghrepresentingghthingsghorgheventsghwithghsymbols.ghAghsignif
icantghsensorimotorghdevelopmentghisghobjectghpermanence,ghi.e.,ghrealizingghthingsghstillg
hexistghwhenghtheyghareghoutghofghsight.
0-1ghmonthgh-ghANSWERS-Reflexesgh(sensorimotorghstage)ghWhatghage?
1-4ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-infantsghfindghaccidentalghactionsghlikeghthumb-
suckingghpleasurableghandghthenghintentionallyghrepeatghthemgh(PrimaryghCircularghReacti
onsghofghsensorimotorghstage)ghWhatghage?
4-8ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
SecondaryghCircularghReactionsgh(Sensorimotorghstage):ghinfantsghintentionallyghrepeatgh
actionsghtoghevokeghenvironmentalgheffects.ghWhatghage?
8-12ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
CoordinationghofghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage):ghchildrenghrepeatghactionsghintentio
nally,ghcomprehendghcauseghandgheffectghandghcombineghschemasgh(concepts).ghWhatgha
ge?
12-18ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
TertiaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage):ghchildrenghexperimentghwithghtrial-
and-error.ghWhatghage?
18-24ghmonthsgh-ghANSWERS-
EarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh(sensorimotorghstage):ghchildrenghbeginghrepresentin
gghthingsghandgheventsghwithghsymbols.ghAghsignificantghdevelopmentghisghObjectghPerma
nence,ghi.e.,ghrealizingghthatghthingghstillghexistghwhenghoutghofghsight.ghWhatghage?
EarlyghRepresentationalghThoughtgh(sensorimotorghstage):gh-ghANSWERS-18-
24ghmonths
TertiaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-12-18ghmonths
CoordinationghofghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage):gh-ghANSWERS-8-12ghmonths
SecondaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-4-8ghmonths
PrimaryghCircularghReactionsgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-1-4ghmonths
Reflexesgh(sensorimotorghstage)gh-ghANSWERS-0-1ghmonth
, Ecologicalghassessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
Theghgoalghofghtheghassessmentghisghtoghidentifyghenvironmentsghinghwhichghtheghstudentghf
unctionsghwithghgreaterghorghlesserghdifficulty,ghtoghunderstandghwhatghcontributesghtoghthe
seghdifferencesghinghfunctioningghandghtoghdrawghusefulghimplicationsghforghinstructionalghpl
anning.
Authenticghassessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
providesghdescriptionsghofghstudentghperformanceghonghreal-
lifeghtasksghcarriedghoutghinghrealghworldghsettings.
Accountabilitygh-ghANSWERS-
Theghprocessghofghrequiringghstudentsghtoghdemonstrateghthatghtheyghhaveghmetghspecified
ghcommonghcoreghstandardsghandghholdingghteachersghresponsibleghforghstudents'ghperfor
manceghisghtheghbestghdescribedghas
Itinerantghteachersgh-ghANSWERS-
Professionalghwhoghtravelghbetweenghtwoghorghmoreghschoolghsitesghtoghprovideghservicesg
htoghstudents.
TheghTransitionghplangh(Formgh1ghofghtheghIFSPgh-
ghIndividualizedghFamilyghSupportghPlan)gh-ghANSWERS-
Theghpaperworkghthatghneedsghtoghbeghcompletedghafterghtheghtransitionghconference.ghthe
ghIFSPghisghneededghforghanyghchildghwithghdevelopmentalghdelaysghwhoghattendsghtheghEar
lyghStepghProgram.
VoluntaryghPre-KindergartenghProgramgh-ghANSWERS-
theghprogramghenactedghingh2004,ghwhichghisghdesignedghtoghprepareghfour-year-
oldghchildrenghforghkindergartenghandghlayghtheghfoundationghforghtheirghsuccessghisghknowgh
as
Performance-basedghassessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
assessmentghthatghmeasuresghlearningghprocesses
Norm-basedghassessmentsgh-ghANSWERS-
Assessmentsghthatghgiveghusghsomeghideaghofghwhatghstudentsghneedghtoghknowghtoghachie
veghgradeghlevelghperformanceghareghreferredghas
Informedghconsentgh-ghANSWERS-
Parentsghbeingghnoticedghinghtheirghnativeghlanguageghofghallgheducationalghactivitiesghtoghb
eghconductedghduringghaghnondiscriminatoryghevaluationghofghtheirghchildghisghcalled
Curriculumghbasedghassessmentsgh-ghANSWERS-
Assessmentsghthatghareghusedghtoghdetermineghhowghaghstudentghisghperformingghinghorghm
asteringghtheghactualghcurriculum.
PorfolioghAssessmentgh-ghANSWERS-
aghcollectionghofghworkghsystematicallyghcollectedghbyghaghteacherghtoghdetermineghlearnin
gghgainsghandghcurrentghperformanceghlevel.
