Surgical Technology
CHAPTER 9- Surgical
Pharmacology and
Anesthesia Exam Prep A+
Grade 2026/2027
,Pharmacology Study of drugs and their actions
Pharmacodynamics Interaction of drug molecules with target cells resulting in biochemical and
physiological action
Pharmacokinetics Entire process drug undergoes in body ie absorption, distribution, biotransformation
(metabolism), and excretion
Indication Reason drug prescribed
Contraindication Reason why drug undesirable or improper
Plants Most drugs derived from plants at one time
Animals Primarily hormones
Bovine Cows
Porcine Pigs
Minerals Minerals and mineral salts, diluted hydrochloric acid common epsom salts, sodium
bicarbonate
Laboratory Synthesis Majority of drugs today developed in lab by one or two methods
Synthetic Manufactured from the laboratory chemicals
Semi synthetic Chemically altered natural substance
Biotechnology Newest source of drugs are genetically engineered, called recombinant DNA
technology.
Onset From time of administration to drug action to become evident
, Peak effect Length of drug at maximum effectiveness
Duration of action Time between onset and cessation of action
Side effect Expected, undesirable effect of drug - predictable, usually tolerable and treatable
Adverse effect Undesirable consequences of drug - unintended, unpredictable, and unavoidable
Tolerance Decreased therapeutic response following repeated administrations
Addiction Physicological or psychological dependence upon a drug with increasing tendency
toward its use and abuse
Drug interaction Two substances administered concurrently cause modification of action of one or
both drugs
Agonist Drug potentiates or enhances effects of another drug
Antagonist Drag blocks effect of another agent but doesn't produce any physiological effect of
its own
Enteral Oral, rectal
Parenteral Other than through GI tract, by injection
Intradermal Between layers of skin
Subcutaneous Under skin into adipose layer
Intramuscular Within a muscle
Intravenious Into a vein
CHAPTER 9- Surgical
Pharmacology and
Anesthesia Exam Prep A+
Grade 2026/2027
,Pharmacology Study of drugs and their actions
Pharmacodynamics Interaction of drug molecules with target cells resulting in biochemical and
physiological action
Pharmacokinetics Entire process drug undergoes in body ie absorption, distribution, biotransformation
(metabolism), and excretion
Indication Reason drug prescribed
Contraindication Reason why drug undesirable or improper
Plants Most drugs derived from plants at one time
Animals Primarily hormones
Bovine Cows
Porcine Pigs
Minerals Minerals and mineral salts, diluted hydrochloric acid common epsom salts, sodium
bicarbonate
Laboratory Synthesis Majority of drugs today developed in lab by one or two methods
Synthetic Manufactured from the laboratory chemicals
Semi synthetic Chemically altered natural substance
Biotechnology Newest source of drugs are genetically engineered, called recombinant DNA
technology.
Onset From time of administration to drug action to become evident
, Peak effect Length of drug at maximum effectiveness
Duration of action Time between onset and cessation of action
Side effect Expected, undesirable effect of drug - predictable, usually tolerable and treatable
Adverse effect Undesirable consequences of drug - unintended, unpredictable, and unavoidable
Tolerance Decreased therapeutic response following repeated administrations
Addiction Physicological or psychological dependence upon a drug with increasing tendency
toward its use and abuse
Drug interaction Two substances administered concurrently cause modification of action of one or
both drugs
Agonist Drug potentiates or enhances effects of another drug
Antagonist Drag blocks effect of another agent but doesn't produce any physiological effect of
its own
Enteral Oral, rectal
Parenteral Other than through GI tract, by injection
Intradermal Between layers of skin
Subcutaneous Under skin into adipose layer
Intramuscular Within a muscle
Intravenious Into a vein
