Surgical Technology -
Chapter 9 Exam Prep A+
Grade 2026/2027
, Pharmacology Study of medications and their actions
Drug Substance used as a medicine for diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or
prevention of disease or a condition
5 Main Drug Sources 1. Plants
2. Animals - Hormones
3. Minerals
4. Laboratory Synthesis
5. Biotechnology
1. Pharmacodynamics Study of the interaction of the drug molecules that target cells of living tissue
Agonists A drug enhances the effect of another substance
Example of Agonist In treating Parkinsons Disease, the drug Levodopa can cause Dyskinesias that
inhibits a persons ability to function.
Synergist Agonists that when combined with another drug produces a stronger or more
powerful effect
Example of Synergist - Lidocaine is an anesthetic agent that has the advantage of a rapid onset of action
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline) vasocontricts arteries and delays the resorption of
Lidocaine, almost doubling the duration of anesthesia
Additive Agonists that alter some aspect of the action of the original agent
Excipients - Pharmaceutical additive
- Inactive ingredients used to make up a medication
- Dyes, flavors, binders, fillers, lactose, sucrose, etc
What do excipients help? A drug to disintegrate into particles small enough to reach the bloodstream more
quickly
What do excipients prevent? A drug from dissolving too early - protecting against stomach ache
Antagonists Prevents an agonists from causing its effects
- Interact selectively with receptors but do not lead to an observed effect
Indications Listing of the medical conditions that the medication is known to treat
Chapter 9 Exam Prep A+
Grade 2026/2027
, Pharmacology Study of medications and their actions
Drug Substance used as a medicine for diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or
prevention of disease or a condition
5 Main Drug Sources 1. Plants
2. Animals - Hormones
3. Minerals
4. Laboratory Synthesis
5. Biotechnology
1. Pharmacodynamics Study of the interaction of the drug molecules that target cells of living tissue
Agonists A drug enhances the effect of another substance
Example of Agonist In treating Parkinsons Disease, the drug Levodopa can cause Dyskinesias that
inhibits a persons ability to function.
Synergist Agonists that when combined with another drug produces a stronger or more
powerful effect
Example of Synergist - Lidocaine is an anesthetic agent that has the advantage of a rapid onset of action
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline) vasocontricts arteries and delays the resorption of
Lidocaine, almost doubling the duration of anesthesia
Additive Agonists that alter some aspect of the action of the original agent
Excipients - Pharmaceutical additive
- Inactive ingredients used to make up a medication
- Dyes, flavors, binders, fillers, lactose, sucrose, etc
What do excipients help? A drug to disintegrate into particles small enough to reach the bloodstream more
quickly
What do excipients prevent? A drug from dissolving too early - protecting against stomach ache
Antagonists Prevents an agonists from causing its effects
- Interact selectively with receptors but do not lead to an observed effect
Indications Listing of the medical conditions that the medication is known to treat
