, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
EXERCISE
Identifying Levels o h / h /
/h
fMeasurement: Nominal, O
/h
rdinal, Interval, and Ratio h /
h/
h / h /
h/
1
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide a
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
rationale for your answer.
h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug categori
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
eswere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of drugs
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
thesubjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are usually
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h
on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The current therap
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no drug catego
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ry can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
h/ h/ h/ h/
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a rationale
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
foryour answer.
h/ h
/ h/
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug f
h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h /
or thissample.
h / h/
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sampl
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e?Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
h
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement result
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ed in ratio-
h/ h/
level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & Gra
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
y,2017; Knapp, 2017).
h/ h/ h/
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a study:
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h
What category identifies your current income as an RN?
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
a. Less than $50,000
h / h/ h/
b. $50,000 to 59,999
h / h/ h/
c. $60,000 to 69,999
h / h/ h/
d. $70,000 to 80,000
h / h/ h/
e. $80,000 or greater
h / h/ h/
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income categ
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
o- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ended
AG 1-1 h/
,AG 1-2
h/ Answerh / Guidelinesh / forh / Questionsh / toh / Beh / Graded
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since catego-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark ei
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ther (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be change
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
dto greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gr
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ay, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h
their symp-
/ h/
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depression
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
al., 2017). h/
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores fo
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
rthe cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS sc
h/ h/ h/ h/ h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h /
oresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical importanc
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e of this result.
h/ h/ h/
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the gre
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of thesubj
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h
ects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increases,
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distress, s
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
uch as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especially tho
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
sein higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated wit
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
h an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whol
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e percent (%).
h/ h/
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample included
h/ h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/
15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of cardiac pati
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/
ents not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the following formula: (group frequency
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h h / h / h / h / h /
÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91 patients ÷ 106 sample size) × 100
h / h/ h / h / h / h/ h / h / h / /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded to the nearest whole
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/h/ /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the 14% of patients tre
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h / /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an anti
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
depressant.
9. What was the purpose of the 6- h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in clinical practice?
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6- h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal,steady-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h
state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to determin
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore could
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ /
h h/
be used to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional statusof cardi
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h h/
ac patients.h/
, Answerh / Guidelinesh / forh / Questionsh / toh / Beh / Graded AG 1-3
h/
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measuremen
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
tfor the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was measure
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
dwith the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walking, climbin
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
g,lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating s
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
calewith values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence s
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
caleand the subscales were considered interval-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,such as means and SDs (see the study narra
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
tive; Waltz et al., 2017).
h/ h/ h/ h/
EXERCISE
Identifying Levels o h / h /
/h
fMeasurement: Nominal, O
/h
rdinal, Interval, and Ratio h /
h/
h / h /
h/
1
The questions are in bold followed by answers.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable. Provide a
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
rationale for your answer.
h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug categori
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
eswere probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of drugs
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
thesubjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients are usually
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h
on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health problems. The current therap
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ies are not measured at the ordinal level because they cannot be rank ordered, since no drug catego
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ry can be considered more or less beneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
h/ h/ h/ h/
2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a rationale
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
foryour answer.
h/ h
/ h/
Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug f
h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h /
or thissample.
h / h/
3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this sampl
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e?Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or inappropriate.
h
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement result
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ed in ratio-
h/ h/
level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and SD (Grove & Gra
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
y,2017; Knapp, 2017).
h/ h/ h/
4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a study:
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h
What category identifies your current income as an RN?
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
a. Less than $50,000
h / h/ h/
b. $50,000 to 59,999
h / h/ h/
c. $60,000 to 69,999
h / h/ h/
d. $70,000 to 80,000
h / h/ h/
e. $80,000 or greater
h / h/ h/
What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income categ
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
o- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000. The two open-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ended
AG 1-1 h/
,AG 1-2
h/ Answerh / Guidelinesh / forh / Questionsh / toh / Beh / Graded
categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since catego-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000 might mark ei
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ther (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e) could be change
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
dto greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gr
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ay, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
item Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h
their symp-
/ h/
toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity in the depression
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
al., 2017). h/
6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores fo
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
rthe cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS sc
h/ h/ h/ h/ h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h / h /
oresfor study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
level data as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical importanc
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e of this result.
h/ h/ h/
Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the gre
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of thesubj
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h
ects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number of sub-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA class increases,
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distress, s
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
uch as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especially tho
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
sein higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated wit
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
h an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whol
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e percent (%).
h/ h/
Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The sample included
h/ h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/
15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table 1). The number of cardiac pati
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/
ents not treated for depression was 91 (106 –
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
15 = 91). The group percent is calculatedby the following formula: (group frequency
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h h / h / h / h / h /
÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study,(91 patients ÷ 106 sample size) × 100
h / h/ h / h / h / h/ h / h / h / /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The finalanswer is rounded to the nearest whole
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/h/ /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
percent as directed in the question. You could havealso subtracted the 14% of patients tre
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h / /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
ated with antidepressants from 100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an anti
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
depressant.
9. What was the purpose of the 6- h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
minute walk test (6MWT)? Would the 6MWT be useful in clinical practice?
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6- h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the submaximal,steady-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h
state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a quick, easy way to determin
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
e a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical setting. This functional statusscore could
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ h/h/ /
h h/
be used to determine the treatment plan to promote or maintain functional statusof cardi
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h h/
ac patients.h/
, Answerh / Guidelinesh / forh / Questionsh / toh / Beh / Graded AG 1-3
h/
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measuremen
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
tfor the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
h
/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was measure
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
dwith the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walking, climbin
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
g,lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating s
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
calewith values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence s
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
caleand the subscales were considered interval-
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,such as means and SDs (see the study narra
h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ /
h h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/ h/
tive; Waltz et al., 2017).
h/ h/ h/ h/
