ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
Clinical Psychology Final
Informal interventions:
These are not systematic but are the ones that many people employ in their
everyday lives, such as seeking contact with friends, family, and pets, as well as
exercising, self-medicating (e.g., using alcohol to 'unwind'), or taking a vacation.
Freud's theory of personality and psychopathology
Behavior and behavior problems are caused by unconscious conflicts between
id, ego, and superego
Defense mechanisms are strategies that the egi uses to reduce anxiety from
intrapsychic conflicts
-Conscious level: ego
-Preconscious level: superego
-Unconscious level: id
Freud’s defense mechanisms
denial, repression, regression, projection, reaction formation, displacement,
rationalization, intellectualization, compensation, sublimation
Denial
being unable to acknowledge or recognize threatening experiences
ex) Despite drinking to excess nearly every day and recently losing his job,
Rachel Jackson's father, James, will not recognize that he has a drinking problem
Repression
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
,ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
anxiety-provoking thoughts and memories disappear into the unconscious
("motivated forgetting"
ex) Rachel having no recollection of the day when she was 6 and saw her father
slap her mother during an argument
Regression
retreating to coping strategies characteristic of earlier stages of development
ex) during period when their parents were having many violent arguments,
Rachel's 12 year old brother Jamal asks his mother to lay out his school clothes
for him, and tuck him in and read to him before bed "like you used to"
Projection
attributing one's own negative motives and impulses onto others
ex) when her husband forgot her birthday, Rachel's mother, lena, perceives him
as hurt and angry
reaction formation
adopting thoughts and behaviors that are the opposite of one's own
ex) James Jackson had long hated the boss who eventually fired him, but he
always went out of his way to defend the boss against criticism by other
employees
Displacement
directing pent-up impulses toward a safer substitute rather than the target that
aroused the impulses
ex) angry and embarrassed after being teased about her weight by one of her
new friends, Rachel screams at her mother for asking her to set the dinner table
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
,ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
rationalization
providing socially appropriate, but untrue, explanations for one's undesirable
behavior
ex) while on her crash diet, Rachel tells herself that she avoids fried foods
because they don't taste good to her.
intellectualization
dealing with upsetting experiences in an overly logical manner, usually with
reference to some non-emotional explanatory theory or scientific principle
ex) asked by a family therapist to describe life since he lost his job, James
Jackson says that he has been learning a lot about the macroeconomic theories
that led to his company's decision to downside the department where he worked
Compensation
coping with feelings of inferiority in one area by working to become superior in
another area
ex) Rachel's younger sister has never been accepted by the "popular" group at
schools but has become a standout player on the basketball team
Sublimation
channeling the expression of unacceptable impulses into more socially
acceptable actives
ex) as thoughts about leaving her husband became more frequent, Rachel's
mother, begins writing romance novel about. a happy couple's life on a tropical
island.
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
,ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
-Role of therapist: analytic incognito-neutral stance, “blank wall”
-Assist clients in exploring unconscious conflicts, impulses and fantasies
-Analyze behavior, dreams, transference, and resistance
Goals of therapy:
Assist clients in gaining emotional insight (conscious) into underlying causes of
their problems and explore the implications of this insight
Strengthen ego’s control over id and superego
Therapy is often for several years and multiple times a week
TECHNIQUES USED:
Analysis of everyday behavior
Dream interpretation (dream analysis)
“Royal road to unconscious”
Free association (freely share your thoughts)
Transference ( project your feelings about another onto the psychoanalyst)
Analysis of resistance: ex: avoidance, missing sessions
Adler’s individual psychotherapy
Strives to overcome feelings of inferiority
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
Clinical Psychology Final
Informal interventions:
These are not systematic but are the ones that many people employ in their
everyday lives, such as seeking contact with friends, family, and pets, as well as
exercising, self-medicating (e.g., using alcohol to 'unwind'), or taking a vacation.
Freud's theory of personality and psychopathology
Behavior and behavior problems are caused by unconscious conflicts between
id, ego, and superego
Defense mechanisms are strategies that the egi uses to reduce anxiety from
intrapsychic conflicts
-Conscious level: ego
-Preconscious level: superego
-Unconscious level: id
Freud’s defense mechanisms
denial, repression, regression, projection, reaction formation, displacement,
rationalization, intellectualization, compensation, sublimation
Denial
being unable to acknowledge or recognize threatening experiences
ex) Despite drinking to excess nearly every day and recently losing his job,
Rachel Jackson's father, James, will not recognize that he has a drinking problem
Repression
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
,ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
anxiety-provoking thoughts and memories disappear into the unconscious
("motivated forgetting"
ex) Rachel having no recollection of the day when she was 6 and saw her father
slap her mother during an argument
Regression
retreating to coping strategies characteristic of earlier stages of development
ex) during period when their parents were having many violent arguments,
Rachel's 12 year old brother Jamal asks his mother to lay out his school clothes
for him, and tuck him in and read to him before bed "like you used to"
Projection
attributing one's own negative motives and impulses onto others
ex) when her husband forgot her birthday, Rachel's mother, lena, perceives him
as hurt and angry
reaction formation
adopting thoughts and behaviors that are the opposite of one's own
ex) James Jackson had long hated the boss who eventually fired him, but he
always went out of his way to defend the boss against criticism by other
employees
Displacement
directing pent-up impulses toward a safer substitute rather than the target that
aroused the impulses
ex) angry and embarrassed after being teased about her weight by one of her
new friends, Rachel screams at her mother for asking her to set the dinner table
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
,ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
rationalization
providing socially appropriate, but untrue, explanations for one's undesirable
behavior
ex) while on her crash diet, Rachel tells herself that she avoids fried foods
because they don't taste good to her.
intellectualization
dealing with upsetting experiences in an overly logical manner, usually with
reference to some non-emotional explanatory theory or scientific principle
ex) asked by a family therapist to describe life since he lost his job, James
Jackson says that he has been learning a lot about the macroeconomic theories
that led to his company's decision to downside the department where he worked
Compensation
coping with feelings of inferiority in one area by working to become superior in
another area
ex) Rachel's younger sister has never been accepted by the "popular" group at
schools but has become a standout player on the basketball team
Sublimation
channeling the expression of unacceptable impulses into more socially
acceptable actives
ex) as thoughts about leaving her husband became more frequent, Rachel's
mother, begins writing romance novel about. a happy couple's life on a tropical
island.
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
,ogy
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
-Role of therapist: analytic incognito-neutral stance, “blank wall”
-Assist clients in exploring unconscious conflicts, impulses and fantasies
-Analyze behavior, dreams, transference, and resistance
Goals of therapy:
Assist clients in gaining emotional insight (conscious) into underlying causes of
their problems and explore the implications of this insight
Strengthen ego’s control over id and superego
Therapy is often for several years and multiple times a week
TECHNIQUES USED:
Analysis of everyday behavior
Dream interpretation (dream analysis)
“Royal road to unconscious”
Free association (freely share your thoughts)
Transference ( project your feelings about another onto the psychoanalyst)
Analysis of resistance: ex: avoidance, missing sessions
Adler’s individual psychotherapy
Strives to overcome feelings of inferiority
^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
hology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
2026/10/19Clinical Psychology Final.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R
1:39:29 PM
