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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
foundations: exam two
HEENT - answer-head, ears, eyes, nose, throat
cranial nerves - answer-12 pairs of nerves that lead directly from the brain to the
head, neck and trunk
sensory nerves - answer-involved with the five senses
motor nerves - answer-control muscles or regulate glands
on old olympus towering tops, a fin and a german viewed some hops -
answer-olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial,
acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal
HEENT: present health status - answer-chronic conditions (vision/hearing loss,
allergies), medications (Rx, OTC, herbal)
HEENT: past medical / surgical history - answer-injuries involving face / sensory
structures and neck, surgeries, stroke
HEENT: family history - answer-HEENT cancers, hearing/vision/thyroid problems,
stroke
HEENT: psychosocial history - answer-last dental/vision/hearing exam, daily
practices, use of corrective devices, occupational risks, smoking and alcohol use
HEENT: history of present illness - answer-common chief complaints: headache,
dizziness, hearing loss, vision changes, earache, sore throat, nasal drainage,
toothache, neck pain or swelling
headache - answer-- *red flag*
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 1 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
- "worst headache of my life" --> may be life threatening, needs immediate
attention
headache + high fever + acute neck stiffness - answer-signs of meningitis, needs
immediate attention
presyncope - answer-near faint, no loss of consciousness
syncope - answer-fainting, brief loss of consciousness
disequilibrium - answer-feeling of fainting
vertigo - answer-spinning sensation (cardinal symptom of vestibular dysfunction)
otalgia - answer-ear pain
otorrhea - answer-ear drainage
pharyngitis - answer-sore throat
rhinorrhea - answer-runny nose
epistaxis - answer-nose bleed
inspect head - answer-- normocephalic
- microcephaly: abnormally small
- macrocephaly: abnormally large
inspect face - answer-symmetric, even skin tone, smooth movements, facial hair
appropriate for gender and age
cranial nerve V (trigeminal) - answer-- plays a role in chewing and facial
sensation
- test: palpate clenched teeth, identify light tough with closed eyes
- normal: equal muscle tone of the jaw, intact sensation
cranial nerve VII (facial) - answer-- plays a role in facial movement and taste
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 2 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
,ns_
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
- test: smile, close eyes tightly, open eyes wide, raise eyebrows, show teeth, puff
cheeks, salt vs. sugar test
- normal: symmetrical face movements, intact taste
bells palsy - answer-- inflammation of CN VII
- affects face symmetry only
- recovery time of 2 weeks - 6 months
stroke - answer-- ischemic injury to CN VII
- facial asymmetry, speech abnormalities, extremity weakness
- may be permanent or improve over time
eyes: focused history - answer-vision changes or loss, light sensitivity, eye pain
or swelling, redness, drainage, corrective lenses
vision assessment - answer-- assess visual acuity (CN II)
- snellen chart (distance)
- rosenbaum card (near)
assess visual fields - answer-assess peripheral vision, confrontation test
(compares client's peripheral vision with your own)
diplopia - answer-double vision
hemianopia - answer-vision loss in half of the visual field
macular degeneration - answer-loss of central vision
myopia - answer-nearsightedness
hyperopia - answer-farsightedness
presbyopia - answer-farsightedness caused by age and loss of lens elasticity
inspect: external eye - answer-inspect eyebrows, eyelashes and eyelids
(symmetric, no drainage or swelling)
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 3 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
ptosis - answer-drooping of upper eye lid
blepharitis - answer-inflammation of the eyelid
inspect: conjunctiva - answer-pink, clear, no drainage
inspect: sclera - answer-should be white/slight yellow
red reflex test - answer-can be completed by RN, light reflects off the retina
(visible glow)
corneal light reflex test - answer-have patient look in distance, shine penlight
toward bridge of nose, light should be symmetrical in each cornea
strabismus - answer-abnormal alignment of the eye, light reflects is not
symmetrical during corneal light reflex test, can be caused by an eye muscle or
nerve problem
CN III, IV, VI - answer-- 3, 4, 6 - eyes do tricks
- control the extraocular movements of the eyes
six cardinal fields of gaze test - answer-smooth movements, able to follow finger /
object without problems
nystagmus - answer-involuntary, jerking eye movement (CN injury, inner ear
diseases, injury to brainstem)
inspect: pupils - answer-CN III, PEERLA, consensual response
PEERLA - answer-pupils are equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation
accommodation of pupils - answer-pupils constrict for close objects and dilate for
distance object
fixed / blown pupil - answer-stays dilated
pinpoint pupil - answer-stays constricted
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 4 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
foundations: exam two
HEENT - answer-head, ears, eyes, nose, throat
cranial nerves - answer-12 pairs of nerves that lead directly from the brain to the
head, neck and trunk
sensory nerves - answer-involved with the five senses
motor nerves - answer-control muscles or regulate glands
on old olympus towering tops, a fin and a german viewed some hops -
answer-olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial,
acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal
HEENT: present health status - answer-chronic conditions (vision/hearing loss,
allergies), medications (Rx, OTC, herbal)
HEENT: past medical / surgical history - answer-injuries involving face / sensory
structures and neck, surgeries, stroke
HEENT: family history - answer-HEENT cancers, hearing/vision/thyroid problems,
stroke
HEENT: psychosocial history - answer-last dental/vision/hearing exam, daily
practices, use of corrective devices, occupational risks, smoking and alcohol use
HEENT: history of present illness - answer-common chief complaints: headache,
dizziness, hearing loss, vision changes, earache, sore throat, nasal drainage,
toothache, neck pain or swelling
headache - answer-- *red flag*
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 1 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
,ns_
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
- "worst headache of my life" --> may be life threatening, needs immediate
attention
headache + high fever + acute neck stiffness - answer-signs of meningitis, needs
immediate attention
presyncope - answer-near faint, no loss of consciousness
syncope - answer-fainting, brief loss of consciousness
disequilibrium - answer-feeling of fainting
vertigo - answer-spinning sensation (cardinal symptom of vestibular dysfunction)
otalgia - answer-ear pain
otorrhea - answer-ear drainage
pharyngitis - answer-sore throat
rhinorrhea - answer-runny nose
epistaxis - answer-nose bleed
inspect head - answer-- normocephalic
- microcephaly: abnormally small
- macrocephaly: abnormally large
inspect face - answer-symmetric, even skin tone, smooth movements, facial hair
appropriate for gender and age
cranial nerve V (trigeminal) - answer-- plays a role in chewing and facial
sensation
- test: palpate clenched teeth, identify light tough with closed eyes
- normal: equal muscle tone of the jaw, intact sensation
cranial nerve VII (facial) - answer-- plays a role in facial movement and taste
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 2 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
- test: smile, close eyes tightly, open eyes wide, raise eyebrows, show teeth, puff
cheeks, salt vs. sugar test
- normal: symmetrical face movements, intact taste
bells palsy - answer-- inflammation of CN VII
- affects face symmetry only
- recovery time of 2 weeks - 6 months
stroke - answer-- ischemic injury to CN VII
- facial asymmetry, speech abnormalities, extremity weakness
- may be permanent or improve over time
eyes: focused history - answer-vision changes or loss, light sensitivity, eye pain
or swelling, redness, drainage, corrective lenses
vision assessment - answer-- assess visual acuity (CN II)
- snellen chart (distance)
- rosenbaum card (near)
assess visual fields - answer-assess peripheral vision, confrontation test
(compares client's peripheral vision with your own)
diplopia - answer-double vision
hemianopia - answer-vision loss in half of the visual field
macular degeneration - answer-loss of central vision
myopia - answer-nearsightedness
hyperopia - answer-farsightedness
presbyopia - answer-farsightedness caused by age and loss of lens elasticity
inspect: external eye - answer-inspect eyebrows, eyelashes and eyelids
(symmetric, no drainage or swelling)
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 3 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
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exam10/19/2026,
two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@
1:46:02 PM2026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&
1:39:29 PM
ptosis - answer-drooping of upper eye lid
blepharitis - answer-inflammation of the eyelid
inspect: conjunctiva - answer-pink, clear, no drainage
inspect: sclera - answer-should be white/slight yellow
red reflex test - answer-can be completed by RN, light reflects off the retina
(visible glow)
corneal light reflex test - answer-have patient look in distance, shine penlight
toward bridge of nose, light should be symmetrical in each cornea
strabismus - answer-abnormal alignment of the eye, light reflects is not
symmetrical during corneal light reflex test, can be caused by an eye muscle or
nerve problem
CN III, IV, VI - answer-- 3, 4, 6 - eyes do tricks
- control the extraocular movements of the eyes
six cardinal fields of gaze test - answer-smooth movements, able to follow finger /
object without problems
nystagmus - answer-involuntary, jerking eye movement (CN injury, inner ear
diseases, injury to brainstem)
inspect: pupils - answer-CN III, PEERLA, consensual response
PEERLA - answer-pupils are equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation
accommodation of pupils - answer-pupils constrict for close objects and dilate for
distance object
fixed / blown pupil - answer-stays dilated
pinpoint pupil - answer-stays constricted
_^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@))U89010/19/2026,
exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN(*OIU@R)(@+_R)R_(R@))(!))*)_~)~()@(@)
Page 4 of 332026/10/19foundations_ exam two.pdf(*&*@T*^#&*^&$^&^&*$^*&^@*&$@$*%*$&^+*&T@$^&$@**&$@^$*&@$^*&$@@^$@&$R^RF&V&EBD*&DBN
1:39:29 PM
