NSG-3280 TEST 1
EXAM questions and verified
correct answers 100% guaranteed
pass latest 2026-2027
immune cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER-•Secreted by macrophages during stress response
•Enhance immune system response
•Prolonged stress can suppress immune functioning.
sex hormones - CORRECT ANSWER-• Affect stress responses, thus influencing allostasis
• May help explain gender responses during stress
• Examples estrogen, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-biopsychosocial process of adjusting physiology, morphology,
and behavior in response to new or altered circumstances, internal and external in origin, in the
physical and social environment
Adaptation and resilience have been ________ with allostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-Intertwined
Maladaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-ineffective, inadequate, or inappropriate change in
response to new or altered circumstances
,Ways allostatic loads can accumulate - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) repeated exposures to multiple
stressors, (2) inability to habituate or adapt to the stressor, (3) unnecessarily prolonged stress
response or stress response that continues after the stressor is removed, and (4) inadequate
response to the stressor that causes other stress response mediators to attempt to compensate.
Homeostasis, the steady-state that previously existed, cannot be attained
Elevated cortisol levels - CORRECT ANSWER-are connected with depressive illnesses and
immune suppression
Aldosterone does not raise - CORRECT ANSWER-glucose levels while stress induced
hydronic swelling - CORRECT ANSWER-cellular swelling due to accumulation of water
first manifestation of most forms of reversible cell injury
results from malfunction of sodium-potassium pump with accumulation of sodium ions within
the cell
Na does not leave cell, causing water to flow into cell
Characteristics of hydronic swelling - CORRECT ANSWER-large, pale cytoplasm
dilated endoplasmic reticulum
Swollen mitochondria
Intracellular accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Excess accumulation of substances in cells which
leads to cell injury b/c of toxicity, immune response, taking up excessive space needed for
functioning.
(anything from excess lipids, carbs, proteins, inorganic pigments, inorganic particles)
liver is common place
, atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-cells shrink and reduce their differentiated function in response to
normal and injurious factors
Prednisone
Elderly
Disuse
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in cell mass accompanied by an augmented
functional capacity in response to physiologic and pathophysiologic demands
increased cellular protein content
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-replacement of one cell type with another
***adaptation to persistent injury***, with a replacement of a cell type that is better suited
Columnar cells go to squamous cells in exposed to cigarette smoke. But CAN be reversed
Common in lungs
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-disorganized appearance of cells because of abnormal variations
in size, shape, and arrangement
Probably cancerous
PRENEOPLASTIC
necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually occurs as a consequence of ischemia (Hypoxia) or toxic
injury
inflammatory response
Cell death
EXAM questions and verified
correct answers 100% guaranteed
pass latest 2026-2027
immune cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER-•Secreted by macrophages during stress response
•Enhance immune system response
•Prolonged stress can suppress immune functioning.
sex hormones - CORRECT ANSWER-• Affect stress responses, thus influencing allostasis
• May help explain gender responses during stress
• Examples estrogen, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-biopsychosocial process of adjusting physiology, morphology,
and behavior in response to new or altered circumstances, internal and external in origin, in the
physical and social environment
Adaptation and resilience have been ________ with allostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-Intertwined
Maladaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-ineffective, inadequate, or inappropriate change in
response to new or altered circumstances
,Ways allostatic loads can accumulate - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) repeated exposures to multiple
stressors, (2) inability to habituate or adapt to the stressor, (3) unnecessarily prolonged stress
response or stress response that continues after the stressor is removed, and (4) inadequate
response to the stressor that causes other stress response mediators to attempt to compensate.
Homeostasis, the steady-state that previously existed, cannot be attained
Elevated cortisol levels - CORRECT ANSWER-are connected with depressive illnesses and
immune suppression
Aldosterone does not raise - CORRECT ANSWER-glucose levels while stress induced
hydronic swelling - CORRECT ANSWER-cellular swelling due to accumulation of water
first manifestation of most forms of reversible cell injury
results from malfunction of sodium-potassium pump with accumulation of sodium ions within
the cell
Na does not leave cell, causing water to flow into cell
Characteristics of hydronic swelling - CORRECT ANSWER-large, pale cytoplasm
dilated endoplasmic reticulum
Swollen mitochondria
Intracellular accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Excess accumulation of substances in cells which
leads to cell injury b/c of toxicity, immune response, taking up excessive space needed for
functioning.
(anything from excess lipids, carbs, proteins, inorganic pigments, inorganic particles)
liver is common place
, atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-cells shrink and reduce their differentiated function in response to
normal and injurious factors
Prednisone
Elderly
Disuse
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in cell mass accompanied by an augmented
functional capacity in response to physiologic and pathophysiologic demands
increased cellular protein content
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-increase in number of cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-replacement of one cell type with another
***adaptation to persistent injury***, with a replacement of a cell type that is better suited
Columnar cells go to squamous cells in exposed to cigarette smoke. But CAN be reversed
Common in lungs
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-disorganized appearance of cells because of abnormal variations
in size, shape, and arrangement
Probably cancerous
PRENEOPLASTIC
necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually occurs as a consequence of ischemia (Hypoxia) or toxic
injury
inflammatory response
Cell death
