WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-
MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
1. True or False?
From data mining, someone is able to make conclusions about the underlying causes of certain variables.
Answer: False
Rationale: Data mining identifies patterns, correlations, or trends in large datasets, but it cannot determine
causation. Without controlled experimentation, it is impossible to know whether a variable is causing an
outcome or simply associated with it. Analysts should avoid assuming cause-and-effect from purely mined
data, as confounding factors may exist.
2. True or False?
As technology improves, there will be a greater amount of raw data.
Answer: True
Rationale: Technological advancements in sensors, IoT devices, and data collection tools increase the
volume of raw data generated. More accessible and faster data collection methods allow organizations to
gather larger datasets for analysis. This growth also increases the importance of effective data
management and analytics techniques.
,WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
3. True or False?
The first step in the Davenport-Kim three-stage model is to frame the problem by recognizing what the
problem is and then reviewing previous findings to begin to structure the analysis.
Answer: True
Rationale: Stage 1 of the Davenport-Kim model is "framing the problem." This involves defining the
problem clearly, reviewing prior research, and structuring the analysis. Proper framing ensures that
subsequent stages, including data collection and analysis, address the correct objectives.
4. True or False?
The stage that involves the most intense statistics and data work is stage 3, communicating results.
Answer: False
Rationale: Stage 2, "solving the problem," involves the most statistical and analytical work. This includes
data modeling, analysis, and interpretation of results. Stage 3 focuses on presenting findings and
communicating insights, not performing heavy statistical calculations.
5. True or False?
Observational studies are often used when a surveyor wants to adjust different variables and take note of
the effects.
Answer: False
Rationale: Observational studies are used when it is impractical or unethical to control variables, unlike
experimental studies where variables can be manipulated. Observational research records naturally
occurring events to identify correlations or patterns. Causal conclusions are limited because variable
manipulation does not occur.
,WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
6. True or False?
Data is valid if it can be repeated by the same person in the same lab each and every time the experiment is
executed.
Answer: False
Rationale: Validity requires that data is accurate and meaningful across different contexts, not just
repeatable by one person. Reliability ensures consistency, but validity ensures that the measurement truly
represents what it is intended to measure. Multiple researchers in different locations should be able to
achieve similar results to confirm validity.
7. If you were to take your temperature 10 times in a row using the same thermometer and got the same
result every time, you could say that the thermometer is:
A) Accurate
B) Reliable
C) Invalid
D) Biased
Answer: B) Reliable
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency in measurement. Even if the thermometer consistently gives the
same reading, it may not reflect the true temperature
(accuracy). Repeatable results demonstrate reliability but not necessarily validity.
8. According to the 2000 census, the average number of people in a family in the U.S. was 3.17. Since it isn't
possible to have .17 of a person, you would use a data point to describe the number of people in your
family:
A) Continuous
B) Discrete
C) Ordinal
D) Nominal
, WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Answer: B) Discrete
Rationale: Discrete data can only take distinct, separate values, such as whole numbers of people.
Continuous data, by contrast, can take any value within a range. The number of family members is
countable and cannot include fractions of individuals.
9. You survey 100 New Yorkers about their preference for New York-style or Chicagostyle pizza. What
would be wrong with this?
A) Sampling bias
B) Measurement bias
C) Data entry error
D) Systematic error
Answer: B) Measurement bias
Rationale: Asking only New Yorkers creates a bias because their responses are not representative of the
overall population, producing measurement bias. Surveying a skewed demographic may result in over- or
under-representing certain preferences. A representative sample is required for accurate measurement.
10. Rankings are an example of which kind of data?
A) Nominal B)
Ordinal
C) Discrete
D) Continuous
Answer: B) Ordinal
Rationale: Ordinal data involves order or ranking but does not specify the magnitude of differences
between ranks. For example, first, second, and third place show order but not exact differences in
performance. Understanding the type of data is critical for selecting appropriate statistical methods.
11. The science of using mathematical procedures to describe data is:
WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-
MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
1. True or False?
From data mining, someone is able to make conclusions about the underlying causes of certain variables.
Answer: False
Rationale: Data mining identifies patterns, correlations, or trends in large datasets, but it cannot determine
causation. Without controlled experimentation, it is impossible to know whether a variable is causing an
outcome or simply associated with it. Analysts should avoid assuming cause-and-effect from purely mined
data, as confounding factors may exist.
2. True or False?
As technology improves, there will be a greater amount of raw data.
Answer: True
Rationale: Technological advancements in sensors, IoT devices, and data collection tools increase the
volume of raw data generated. More accessible and faster data collection methods allow organizations to
gather larger datasets for analysis. This growth also increases the importance of effective data
management and analytics techniques.
,WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
3. True or False?
The first step in the Davenport-Kim three-stage model is to frame the problem by recognizing what the
problem is and then reviewing previous findings to begin to structure the analysis.
Answer: True
Rationale: Stage 1 of the Davenport-Kim model is "framing the problem." This involves defining the
problem clearly, reviewing prior research, and structuring the analysis. Proper framing ensures that
subsequent stages, including data collection and analysis, address the correct objectives.
4. True or False?
The stage that involves the most intense statistics and data work is stage 3, communicating results.
Answer: False
Rationale: Stage 2, "solving the problem," involves the most statistical and analytical work. This includes
data modeling, analysis, and interpretation of results. Stage 3 focuses on presenting findings and
communicating insights, not performing heavy statistical calculations.
5. True or False?
Observational studies are often used when a surveyor wants to adjust different variables and take note of
the effects.
Answer: False
Rationale: Observational studies are used when it is impractical or unethical to control variables, unlike
experimental studies where variables can be manipulated. Observational research records naturally
occurring events to identify correlations or patterns. Causal conclusions are limited because variable
manipulation does not occur.
,WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
6. True or False?
Data is valid if it can be repeated by the same person in the same lab each and every time the experiment is
executed.
Answer: False
Rationale: Validity requires that data is accurate and meaningful across different contexts, not just
repeatable by one person. Reliability ensures consistency, but validity ensures that the measurement truly
represents what it is intended to measure. Multiple researchers in different locations should be able to
achieve similar results to confirm validity.
7. If you were to take your temperature 10 times in a row using the same thermometer and got the same
result every time, you could say that the thermometer is:
A) Accurate
B) Reliable
C) Invalid
D) Biased
Answer: B) Reliable
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency in measurement. Even if the thermometer consistently gives the
same reading, it may not reflect the true temperature
(accuracy). Repeatable results demonstrate reliability but not necessarily validity.
8. According to the 2000 census, the average number of people in a family in the U.S. was 3.17. Since it isn't
possible to have .17 of a person, you would use a data point to describe the number of people in your
family:
A) Continuous
B) Discrete
C) Ordinal
D) Nominal
, WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Answer: B) Discrete
Rationale: Discrete data can only take distinct, separate values, such as whole numbers of people.
Continuous data, by contrast, can take any value within a range. The number of family members is
countable and cannot include fractions of individuals.
9. You survey 100 New Yorkers about their preference for New York-style or Chicagostyle pizza. What
would be wrong with this?
A) Sampling bias
B) Measurement bias
C) Data entry error
D) Systematic error
Answer: B) Measurement bias
Rationale: Asking only New Yorkers creates a bias because their responses are not representative of the
overall population, producing measurement bias. Surveying a skewed demographic may result in over- or
under-representing certain preferences. A representative sample is required for accurate measurement.
10. Rankings are an example of which kind of data?
A) Nominal B)
Ordinal
C) Discrete
D) Continuous
Answer: B) Ordinal
Rationale: Ordinal data involves order or ranking but does not specify the magnitude of differences
between ranks. For example, first, second, and third place show order but not exact differences in
performance. Understanding the type of data is critical for selecting appropriate statistical methods.
11. The science of using mathematical procedures to describe data is:
