NDTR Exam Study Guide 2026/2027 | 500+ Practice Questions,
Correct Answers & Detailed Rationales
Practice Questions 1–500
1.
Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, while
carbohydrate and protein provide approximately 4 kcal per gram.
2.
Which nutrient is the body's primary source of energy under normal
conditions?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are readily converted to glucose, which is
the body's preferred fuel source for many tissues.
3.
Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Folate
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins and can be
stored in body tissues.
4.
,Which mineral is essential for hemoglobin formation?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, the protein
responsible for transporting oxygen in red blood cells.
5.
Which food is a complete protein?
A. Rice
B. Apple
C. Eggs
D. Corn
Correct Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate
proportions and are therefore considered complete proteins.
6.
What is the main function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide 9 kcal/g
B. Support normal bowel function
C. Increase blood cholesterol
D. Replace body water
Correct Answer: B. Support normal bowel function
Rationale: Dietary fiber helps promote gastrointestinal health and
normal bowel movements.
7.
Which nutrient is most directly involved in tissue growth and repair?
A. Protein
B. Water
C. Sodium
D. Vitamin K
,Correct Answer: A. Protein
Rationale: Protein supplies amino acids required to build and repair
muscles, organs, enzymes, and other tissues.
8.
Which vitamin is especially important for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption and
contributes to bone health.
9.
Which food is highest in dietary fiber?
A. White bread
B. Lentils
C. Butter
D. Chicken breast
Correct Answer: B. Lentils
Rationale: Legumes such as lentils are excellent sources of dietary
fiber.
10.
Which mineral is the major extracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is the primary positively charged ion in
extracellular fluid and plays an important role in fluid balance and
nerve function.
11.
, Which mineral is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium is the principal intracellular cation and is
essential for cellular function and nerve transmission.
12.
Which vitamin is important for collagen synthesis?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A. Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis and supports
wound healing and connective-tissue integrity.
13.
Which food is a good source of vitamin C?
A. Orange
B. Butter
C. Beef
D. White rice
Correct Answer: A. Orange
Rationale: Citrus fruits such as oranges are rich sources of vitamin C.
14.
Which vitamin is required for normal blood clotting?
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answers & Detailed Rationales
Practice Questions 1–500
1.
Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, while
carbohydrate and protein provide approximately 4 kcal per gram.
2.
Which nutrient is the body's primary source of energy under normal
conditions?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Fat
C. Protein
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are readily converted to glucose, which is
the body's preferred fuel source for many tissues.
3.
Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin A
D. Folate
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins and can be
stored in body tissues.
4.
,Which mineral is essential for hemoglobin formation?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin, the protein
responsible for transporting oxygen in red blood cells.
5.
Which food is a complete protein?
A. Rice
B. Apple
C. Eggs
D. Corn
Correct Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate
proportions and are therefore considered complete proteins.
6.
What is the main function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide 9 kcal/g
B. Support normal bowel function
C. Increase blood cholesterol
D. Replace body water
Correct Answer: B. Support normal bowel function
Rationale: Dietary fiber helps promote gastrointestinal health and
normal bowel movements.
7.
Which nutrient is most directly involved in tissue growth and repair?
A. Protein
B. Water
C. Sodium
D. Vitamin K
,Correct Answer: A. Protein
Rationale: Protein supplies amino acids required to build and repair
muscles, organs, enzymes, and other tissues.
8.
Which vitamin is especially important for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption and
contributes to bone health.
9.
Which food is highest in dietary fiber?
A. White bread
B. Lentils
C. Butter
D. Chicken breast
Correct Answer: B. Lentils
Rationale: Legumes such as lentils are excellent sources of dietary
fiber.
10.
Which mineral is the major extracellular cation?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is the primary positively charged ion in
extracellular fluid and plays an important role in fluid balance and
nerve function.
11.
, Which mineral is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium is the principal intracellular cation and is
essential for cellular function and nerve transmission.
12.
Which vitamin is important for collagen synthesis?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A. Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis and supports
wound healing and connective-tissue integrity.
13.
Which food is a good source of vitamin C?
A. Orange
B. Butter
C. Beef
D. White rice
Correct Answer: A. Orange
Rationale: Citrus fruits such as oranges are rich sources of vitamin C.
14.
Which vitamin is required for normal blood clotting?
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B1
D. Vitamin E
