ASU BIO 201: EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
3 kinds of muscle tissue
ANSWER
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Question 2.
major purpose of muscle
ANSWER
converting chemical energy in ATP --> mechanical energy of motion
Question 3.
muscle functions
ANSWER
-movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents
-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.
-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing
-control of openings and passageways: sphincters
-body heat production
Question 4.
characteriza-tions of connective tissues of a muscle
ANSWER
fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Question 5.
CT elements and how they merge with other tissues
ANSWER
Tendons = attachments between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen fibers,
epimysium surrounding entire muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons
,Question 6.
role of collagen in connective tissues
ANSWER
stretches slightly under tension and recoils when released
-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury
-returns muscle to resting length
-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
Question 7.
skeletal muscle shapes (with examples)
ANSWER
i. Fusiform: biceps bracchi, gastrocnemius
ii. Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis
iii. Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major
iv. Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters
v. Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid
Question 8.
ways in which muscle attach to bone
ANSWER
i. Indirect: tendons attach muscle to bone
ii. Direct: fleshy attachment to bone
iii. Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin
Question 9.
how tendons attach muscle to bone
ANSWER
collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon
merges into the periosteum of bone
-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet
,Question 10.
origin and insertion definition
ANSWER
i. Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
ii. Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
Question 11.
functional groups of muscles with example
ANSWER
i. for elbow flexion
ii. Prime mover (agonist): brachialis
iii. Synergist: biceps brachii
iv. Antagonist: triceps brachii
v. Fixator: rhomboideus
Question 12.
intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles
ANSWER
i. Intrinsic: contained within a region (both origin and insertion there)
ii. Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere
Question 13.
characteristics of muscle
ANSWER
Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals, stretch and electrical changes across plasma
membrane
Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle
fiber
Contractility: shortens when stimulated
Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions
Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched
, Question 14.
properties of skeletal muscle
ANSWER
voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or more bones
Question 15.
myofiber
ANSWER
muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils
Question 16.
myofibrils
ANSWER
long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the interior of a muscle fiber, composed
of myofilaments
Question 17.
myofilament
ANSWER
protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction, composed of myosin or actin
proteins
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question 1.
3 kinds of muscle tissue
ANSWER
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Question 2.
major purpose of muscle
ANSWER
converting chemical energy in ATP --> mechanical energy of motion
Question 3.
muscle functions
ANSWER
-movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents
-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.
-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing
-control of openings and passageways: sphincters
-body heat production
Question 4.
characteriza-tions of connective tissues of a muscle
ANSWER
fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Question 5.
CT elements and how they merge with other tissues
ANSWER
Tendons = attachments between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen fibers,
epimysium surrounding entire muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons
,Question 6.
role of collagen in connective tissues
ANSWER
stretches slightly under tension and recoils when released
-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury
-returns muscle to resting length
-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
Question 7.
skeletal muscle shapes (with examples)
ANSWER
i. Fusiform: biceps bracchi, gastrocnemius
ii. Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis
iii. Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major
iv. Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters
v. Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid
Question 8.
ways in which muscle attach to bone
ANSWER
i. Indirect: tendons attach muscle to bone
ii. Direct: fleshy attachment to bone
iii. Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin
Question 9.
how tendons attach muscle to bone
ANSWER
collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon
merges into the periosteum of bone
-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet
,Question 10.
origin and insertion definition
ANSWER
i. Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
ii. Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
Question 11.
functional groups of muscles with example
ANSWER
i. for elbow flexion
ii. Prime mover (agonist): brachialis
iii. Synergist: biceps brachii
iv. Antagonist: triceps brachii
v. Fixator: rhomboideus
Question 12.
intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles
ANSWER
i. Intrinsic: contained within a region (both origin and insertion there)
ii. Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere
Question 13.
characteristics of muscle
ANSWER
Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals, stretch and electrical changes across plasma
membrane
Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle
fiber
Contractility: shortens when stimulated
Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions
Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched
, Question 14.
properties of skeletal muscle
ANSWER
voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or more bones
Question 15.
myofiber
ANSWER
muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils
Question 16.
myofibrils
ANSWER
long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the interior of a muscle fiber, composed
of myofilaments
Question 17.
myofilament
ANSWER
protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction, composed of myosin or actin
proteins
