BIO 201 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE
BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW | 2026/2027
1. What is a neuromuscular junction?
The site where a motor end plate and a neurotransmitter meet.
The site where a muscle fiber and a motor end plate meet.
The site where a neurotransmitter and a synapse meet.
The site where a motor neuron and a muscle fiber meet.
2. What is the primary role of myoglobin in muscle cells?
Transports carbon dioxide
Stores oxygen
Regulates muscle contraction
Facilitates protein synthesis
3. Describe the relationship between the sarcolemma and muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma provides structural support to the muscle fibers.
The sarcolemma stores calcium ions for muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma acts as the plasma membrane that facilitates the
transmission of electrical signals necessary for muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma is responsible for producing ATP during muscle
contraction.
4. If a muscle experiences a depletion of ATP, what immediate effect would this
have on muscle contraction?
, The muscle would contract more forcefully due to increased calcium
availability.
The muscle would relax completely and not respond to stimuli.
The muscle would continue to contract without any energy input.
The muscle would be unable to contract effectively due to the
failure of myosin heads to detach from actin.
5. ____ have cells that are fusiform in shape with no visible striation and one
nucleus per cell.
None of these
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
All of these
6. What are the three types of muscle tissue mentioned in the text?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Skeletal, cardiac, and elastic
Skeletal, voluntary, and involuntary
Cardiac, smooth, and striated
7. What can occur in a muscle cell during a muscle contraction?
Calcium interacts with regulatory proteins
Calcium moves into the interior of the cell
ALL of the above can happen during a muscle contraction
, The filaments slide past each other and the sarcomere shortens
The muscle cell has action potentials propagating through it
8. If a muscle is unable to relax properly after contraction, which phase of
muscle contraction is likely impaired?
Excitation-contraction coupling
Contraction
Excitation
Relaxation
9. What is the connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle?
Fascia
Endomysium
Epimysium
Perimysium
10. Skeletal muscle differs from smooth muscle and cardiac muscle is that
skeletal muscle is...
Composed of different contractile proteins
Under voluntary control
Striated
Controlled involuntarily
11. If a researcher is studying the effects of resistance training on skeletal
muscle, which structural component would they likely focus on to
understand changes in muscle strength?
, Epithelial cells
Myofibrils
Adipose tissue
Neurons
12. Which proteins are primarily responsible for the formation of muscle
striations?
Troponin and tropomyosin
Collagen and elastin
Myosin and actin
Keratin and fibrin
13. What is the role of ATP in the muscle contraction process?
ATP helps in the formation of muscle fibers during growth.
ATP is used to synthesize proteins in muscle tissue.
ATP is involved in the transport of oxygen to muscle cells.
ATP is required for the activation and cocking of the myosin head,
and its hydrolysis provides the energy needed for the power stroke
and for breaking the cross-bridge.
14. What are the primary components that make up thick myofilaments?
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Myosin molecules
Actin molecules
BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW | 2026/2027
1. What is a neuromuscular junction?
The site where a motor end plate and a neurotransmitter meet.
The site where a muscle fiber and a motor end plate meet.
The site where a neurotransmitter and a synapse meet.
The site where a motor neuron and a muscle fiber meet.
2. What is the primary role of myoglobin in muscle cells?
Transports carbon dioxide
Stores oxygen
Regulates muscle contraction
Facilitates protein synthesis
3. Describe the relationship between the sarcolemma and muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma provides structural support to the muscle fibers.
The sarcolemma stores calcium ions for muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma acts as the plasma membrane that facilitates the
transmission of electrical signals necessary for muscle contraction.
The sarcolemma is responsible for producing ATP during muscle
contraction.
4. If a muscle experiences a depletion of ATP, what immediate effect would this
have on muscle contraction?
, The muscle would contract more forcefully due to increased calcium
availability.
The muscle would relax completely and not respond to stimuli.
The muscle would continue to contract without any energy input.
The muscle would be unable to contract effectively due to the
failure of myosin heads to detach from actin.
5. ____ have cells that are fusiform in shape with no visible striation and one
nucleus per cell.
None of these
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
All of these
6. What are the three types of muscle tissue mentioned in the text?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Skeletal, cardiac, and elastic
Skeletal, voluntary, and involuntary
Cardiac, smooth, and striated
7. What can occur in a muscle cell during a muscle contraction?
Calcium interacts with regulatory proteins
Calcium moves into the interior of the cell
ALL of the above can happen during a muscle contraction
, The filaments slide past each other and the sarcomere shortens
The muscle cell has action potentials propagating through it
8. If a muscle is unable to relax properly after contraction, which phase of
muscle contraction is likely impaired?
Excitation-contraction coupling
Contraction
Excitation
Relaxation
9. What is the connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle?
Fascia
Endomysium
Epimysium
Perimysium
10. Skeletal muscle differs from smooth muscle and cardiac muscle is that
skeletal muscle is...
Composed of different contractile proteins
Under voluntary control
Striated
Controlled involuntarily
11. If a researcher is studying the effects of resistance training on skeletal
muscle, which structural component would they likely focus on to
understand changes in muscle strength?
, Epithelial cells
Myofibrils
Adipose tissue
Neurons
12. Which proteins are primarily responsible for the formation of muscle
striations?
Troponin and tropomyosin
Collagen and elastin
Myosin and actin
Keratin and fibrin
13. What is the role of ATP in the muscle contraction process?
ATP helps in the formation of muscle fibers during growth.
ATP is used to synthesize proteins in muscle tissue.
ATP is involved in the transport of oxygen to muscle cells.
ATP is required for the activation and cocking of the myosin head,
and its hydrolysis provides the energy needed for the power stroke
and for breaking the cross-bridge.
14. What are the primary components that make up thick myofilaments?
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Myosin molecules
Actin molecules
