CM 3111 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2026
Rough Grading Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves bringing the
site close to its final grade.
General or Mass Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves the removal
of large quantities of dirt for portions of the building (such as basements) or for road
cuts
Special Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves removing small
quantities of dirt often by hand.
Soil Borings - Answers A boring made on the site in the general location of the
proposed building to determine soil type, depth of the various types of soils and water
table level.
27 cf - Answers How many cf make up 1 yard?
100 lbs/cf - Answers How much does soil typically weigh per cf?
150lbs/cf - Answers How much does rock typically weigh per cf?
Bank Cubic Yards (BCY) - Answers Material in its natural state is referred to as
_________ material.
Bank - Answers When ________ materials are excavated, the earth and rocks are
disturbed and begin to swell.
Swell - Answers The expansion of soil assuming a larger volume after excavation;
This is generally expressed as a percentage gained above the original volume.
Loose - Answers When __________ materials are placed and compacted on a
project. It will often occupy less volume than in its Bank condition. This reduction is
referred to as shrinkage.
Shrinkage - Answers The compression of soil being compacted into a smaller form
than when it was loose. This is expressed as a percentage of the undisturbed original
or bank volume.
Loose Cubic Yards (LCY) - Answers Excavated material that is uncompacted and is
usually used as the fill on projects.
Compacted Cubic Yards (CCY) - Answers Materials that have been placed and have
been compressed.
, Trucks or Tractor-Pulled Wagons - Answers If material must be hauled some
distance, either as the excavated material hauled out or as the fill material hauled in,
what equipment may be required?
Front-End Loader and Bulldozer - Answers What type of equipment is often used in
shallow excavations, provided the soil excavated near the area, and should not be used
to travel over 100 ft in one direction?
Backhoe - Answers What type of equipment is used for digging basements, trenches
for strip footings, and utilities and for excavating individual pier footings, manholes,
catch basins, and septic tanks?
Power Shovel - Answers What type of equipment is used in large excavations as an
economical method of excavating and loading the trucks quickly and efficiently?
Tractor-hauled and Self-Propelled Scrapers - Answers What type of equipment is
used for the cutting and filling requirements on large-sized grading projects?
Cutting - Answers This type of Earthwork consists of bringing the ground to a lower
level by removing earth.
Filling - Answers This type of Earthwork consists of bringing soil in to build the land
to a higher elevation.
Cross-Section Method - Answers This method entails dividing the site into a grid and
then determining the cut or fill for each of the grids. If the changes in elevation are
substantial, the grid should be small.
Average End Area Method - Answers This method of quantifying cut and fill is often
used when dealing with long, narrow tracts, such as roads.
General (Mass) Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves the removal
of all types of soil that can be handled in fairly large quantities.
Special Excavation - Answers This is any excavation that requires special equipment
to be used for a particular portion other than general excavation may be included.
These are usually the portions of work that require hand excavation.
Backfilling - Answers This is the putting back of the excess soil that was removed
from around the building during the general excavation.
Finish Grade - Answers This is created by placing topsoil over the rough grade.
Bearing Piles - Answers These are used to support loads. They may be wood, steel
"H" sections, poured-in-place concrete with metal concrete removed, poured-in-place
with metal casing left in place, wood and concrete, or precast concrete.
UPDATE 2026
Rough Grading Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves bringing the
site close to its final grade.
General or Mass Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves the removal
of large quantities of dirt for portions of the building (such as basements) or for road
cuts
Special Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves removing small
quantities of dirt often by hand.
Soil Borings - Answers A boring made on the site in the general location of the
proposed building to determine soil type, depth of the various types of soils and water
table level.
27 cf - Answers How many cf make up 1 yard?
100 lbs/cf - Answers How much does soil typically weigh per cf?
150lbs/cf - Answers How much does rock typically weigh per cf?
Bank Cubic Yards (BCY) - Answers Material in its natural state is referred to as
_________ material.
Bank - Answers When ________ materials are excavated, the earth and rocks are
disturbed and begin to swell.
Swell - Answers The expansion of soil assuming a larger volume after excavation;
This is generally expressed as a percentage gained above the original volume.
Loose - Answers When __________ materials are placed and compacted on a
project. It will often occupy less volume than in its Bank condition. This reduction is
referred to as shrinkage.
Shrinkage - Answers The compression of soil being compacted into a smaller form
than when it was loose. This is expressed as a percentage of the undisturbed original
or bank volume.
Loose Cubic Yards (LCY) - Answers Excavated material that is uncompacted and is
usually used as the fill on projects.
Compacted Cubic Yards (CCY) - Answers Materials that have been placed and have
been compressed.
, Trucks or Tractor-Pulled Wagons - Answers If material must be hauled some
distance, either as the excavated material hauled out or as the fill material hauled in,
what equipment may be required?
Front-End Loader and Bulldozer - Answers What type of equipment is often used in
shallow excavations, provided the soil excavated near the area, and should not be used
to travel over 100 ft in one direction?
Backhoe - Answers What type of equipment is used for digging basements, trenches
for strip footings, and utilities and for excavating individual pier footings, manholes,
catch basins, and septic tanks?
Power Shovel - Answers What type of equipment is used in large excavations as an
economical method of excavating and loading the trucks quickly and efficiently?
Tractor-hauled and Self-Propelled Scrapers - Answers What type of equipment is
used for the cutting and filling requirements on large-sized grading projects?
Cutting - Answers This type of Earthwork consists of bringing the ground to a lower
level by removing earth.
Filling - Answers This type of Earthwork consists of bringing soil in to build the land
to a higher elevation.
Cross-Section Method - Answers This method entails dividing the site into a grid and
then determining the cut or fill for each of the grids. If the changes in elevation are
substantial, the grid should be small.
Average End Area Method - Answers This method of quantifying cut and fill is often
used when dealing with long, narrow tracts, such as roads.
General (Mass) Excavation - Answers This type of excavation involves the removal
of all types of soil that can be handled in fairly large quantities.
Special Excavation - Answers This is any excavation that requires special equipment
to be used for a particular portion other than general excavation may be included.
These are usually the portions of work that require hand excavation.
Backfilling - Answers This is the putting back of the excess soil that was removed
from around the building during the general excavation.
Finish Grade - Answers This is created by placing topsoil over the rough grade.
Bearing Piles - Answers These are used to support loads. They may be wood, steel
"H" sections, poured-in-place concrete with metal concrete removed, poured-in-place
with metal casing left in place, wood and concrete, or precast concrete.
