NUR 205 EXAMS 2 SETS ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
Culture - ✔✔A pattern of shared beliefs, attitudes, self definitions, norms, roles, and
values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a defined
geographic region
✔✔ethnicity/ethnic identity - ✔✔-Common ancestry that leads to shared values and
beliefs
-influenced by culture and common ancestry
-Ethnicity is a powerful determinant of ones identity
✔✔Race - ✔✔-Influenced by physical or biological characteristics
✔✔Scope of culture - ✔✔-very broad
-influences the shared beliefs, values, and behaviors of a group
✔✔Influences and affects exemplars - ✔✔-causual beliefs about health
-illness expression
-symptoms of illness
-taboos
✔✔Culture attributes - ✔✔-culture is learned
-culture is changing and adapting
-shared beliefs, values, and behaviors
✔✔Theoretical links to culture - ✔✔-Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and
universality
-Interprofessional theory of social suffering
✔✔Lingers theory of culture care diversity and universality - ✔✔World view
-emic (within)
-etic (discover universal application)
-Avoid stereotyping
,-Treat the individual
-See every patient encounter as cross-cultural
✔✔Intersectionality - ✔✔Iceberg analogy
-Most aspects of a persons world view are hidden
-understanding the different levels of oppression and where you stand helps you
develop cultural competence
✔✔Iceberg Analogy - ✔✔-unconscious bias
-implicit bias
-culturally congruent care
-cultural competence
✔✔Health disparities - ✔✔a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with
social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
✔✔social determinants of health - ✔✔The conditions in which people are born, grow,
live, work, and age
✔✔Marginalized groups - ✔✔-gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender
-People of color
-physically or mentally challenged
-not college educated
✔✔Cultural competence - ✔✔-Meaningful and useful care strategies based on
knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of those to whom
they render care
✔✔Cultural competency in nursing - ✔✔-expected component of nursing education and
professional nursing practice
-requires underlying acceptance of patients health and beliefs
Requires adapting care to meet unique needs and perspectives of individual
✔✔Care measures - ✔✔-key quality indicators that help health care institutions improve
performance, increase accountability and reduce costs
-intended to reduce health disparities
-all patients regardless of cultural and socioeconomic status are to be treated equally
because the standard of care applies to all
✔✔4 interrelated concepts - ✔✔-self/cultural awareness
-Cultural knowledge
-cultural skill
-cultural desire
,✔✔Transcultural care - ✔✔culturally congruent when it fits a persons life patterns,
values, and system of meaning
✔✔Cultural encounter goals - ✔✔-communicate in a way that generates a wide variety
of responses
-interact to validate, refine, or modify existing values, beliefs, and practices about a
cultural group
✔✔Cultural desire - ✔✔having the motivation to engage patients so that you understand
them from a cultural perspective
✔✔LEARN model - ✔✔L: listen
E: explain
A: acknowledge
R: recommend
N: negotiate
✔✔RESPECT model - ✔✔1. what do you call the problem?
2. what do you think has caused the problem?
3. why do you think it started when it did?
4. What do you think the sickness does? how does it work?
5. how severe is the sickness? will it have a long or short course?
6. What kind of treatment do you think the patient should receive?
7. what are the chief problems the sickness has caused?
8. What do you fear most about the sickness?
✔✔Individualism vs. Collectivism - ✔✔-interpersonal vs intrapersonal
✔✔Power distance - ✔✔-acceptance of unequal distribution of power as legitimate or
fair
✔✔Masculine vs feminism - ✔✔how gender roles are connected
✔✔religiosity varies to degree - ✔✔organized/institutionalized
-help cope
✔✔Cultural assessment data - ✔✔-origin and family
-communication
-personal beliefs about health, illness
-daily practices
✔✔Culture model - ✔✔-health disparities
-spirituality
-family dynamics
-stress and coping
, -communication
-ethics
-mood and affect
-fatigue
✔✔Spirituality pt 1 - ✔✔-unique to each person
-principle, experience, attitudes and beliefs regarding a transcendence and the inner
person
-Quality of life, meaning, purpose, health, sense of wholeness/connectedness are
affected by spirituality
-internalized identity or experience
✔✔Religion - ✔✔outward expression of persons spiritual belief
-helps maintain their faith and spiritual needs
✔✔Religiosity - ✔✔-external expression in form of practicing faith/belief
-expression of moral beliefs
✔✔Attributes and criteria of spirituality - ✔✔-spirituality is universal
-illness impacts spirituality
-patient and or family must be willing to share and act on spiritual beliefs
-spiritual beliefs and practices are impacted by family and culture
✔✔Attributes and criteria of spirtuality - ✔✔-Nurse must be willing to assess and
integrate patient beliefs into care
-Nurse must be willing to consult with/refer to appropriate spiritual expert
-community-based religious organization can provide support /resources
✔✔puchalski's spiritual care implementation model - ✔✔
✔✔Atchelys continuity theory of the spiritual self - ✔✔-deep inner silence
-insight
-compassion
-connection with the ground of being
-transcendence of personal self
-wonder
-transformation
✔✔What mandates spiritual care to be provided - ✔✔-the joint commission
✔✔Nursing in holistic - ✔✔-we should assess all needs
✔✔Why nurses neglect spiritual care - ✔✔-Failure to recognize spiritual needs
-Feeling inadequate to meet the needs
-Insufficient focus on spirituality in nursing education
SET A+
Culture - ✔✔A pattern of shared beliefs, attitudes, self definitions, norms, roles, and
values that can occur among those who speak a particular language or live in a defined
geographic region
✔✔ethnicity/ethnic identity - ✔✔-Common ancestry that leads to shared values and
beliefs
-influenced by culture and common ancestry
-Ethnicity is a powerful determinant of ones identity
✔✔Race - ✔✔-Influenced by physical or biological characteristics
✔✔Scope of culture - ✔✔-very broad
-influences the shared beliefs, values, and behaviors of a group
✔✔Influences and affects exemplars - ✔✔-causual beliefs about health
-illness expression
-symptoms of illness
-taboos
✔✔Culture attributes - ✔✔-culture is learned
-culture is changing and adapting
-shared beliefs, values, and behaviors
✔✔Theoretical links to culture - ✔✔-Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and
universality
-Interprofessional theory of social suffering
✔✔Lingers theory of culture care diversity and universality - ✔✔World view
-emic (within)
-etic (discover universal application)
-Avoid stereotyping
,-Treat the individual
-See every patient encounter as cross-cultural
✔✔Intersectionality - ✔✔Iceberg analogy
-Most aspects of a persons world view are hidden
-understanding the different levels of oppression and where you stand helps you
develop cultural competence
✔✔Iceberg Analogy - ✔✔-unconscious bias
-implicit bias
-culturally congruent care
-cultural competence
✔✔Health disparities - ✔✔a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with
social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
✔✔social determinants of health - ✔✔The conditions in which people are born, grow,
live, work, and age
✔✔Marginalized groups - ✔✔-gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender
-People of color
-physically or mentally challenged
-not college educated
✔✔Cultural competence - ✔✔-Meaningful and useful care strategies based on
knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of those to whom
they render care
✔✔Cultural competency in nursing - ✔✔-expected component of nursing education and
professional nursing practice
-requires underlying acceptance of patients health and beliefs
Requires adapting care to meet unique needs and perspectives of individual
✔✔Care measures - ✔✔-key quality indicators that help health care institutions improve
performance, increase accountability and reduce costs
-intended to reduce health disparities
-all patients regardless of cultural and socioeconomic status are to be treated equally
because the standard of care applies to all
✔✔4 interrelated concepts - ✔✔-self/cultural awareness
-Cultural knowledge
-cultural skill
-cultural desire
,✔✔Transcultural care - ✔✔culturally congruent when it fits a persons life patterns,
values, and system of meaning
✔✔Cultural encounter goals - ✔✔-communicate in a way that generates a wide variety
of responses
-interact to validate, refine, or modify existing values, beliefs, and practices about a
cultural group
✔✔Cultural desire - ✔✔having the motivation to engage patients so that you understand
them from a cultural perspective
✔✔LEARN model - ✔✔L: listen
E: explain
A: acknowledge
R: recommend
N: negotiate
✔✔RESPECT model - ✔✔1. what do you call the problem?
2. what do you think has caused the problem?
3. why do you think it started when it did?
4. What do you think the sickness does? how does it work?
5. how severe is the sickness? will it have a long or short course?
6. What kind of treatment do you think the patient should receive?
7. what are the chief problems the sickness has caused?
8. What do you fear most about the sickness?
✔✔Individualism vs. Collectivism - ✔✔-interpersonal vs intrapersonal
✔✔Power distance - ✔✔-acceptance of unequal distribution of power as legitimate or
fair
✔✔Masculine vs feminism - ✔✔how gender roles are connected
✔✔religiosity varies to degree - ✔✔organized/institutionalized
-help cope
✔✔Cultural assessment data - ✔✔-origin and family
-communication
-personal beliefs about health, illness
-daily practices
✔✔Culture model - ✔✔-health disparities
-spirituality
-family dynamics
-stress and coping
, -communication
-ethics
-mood and affect
-fatigue
✔✔Spirituality pt 1 - ✔✔-unique to each person
-principle, experience, attitudes and beliefs regarding a transcendence and the inner
person
-Quality of life, meaning, purpose, health, sense of wholeness/connectedness are
affected by spirituality
-internalized identity or experience
✔✔Religion - ✔✔outward expression of persons spiritual belief
-helps maintain their faith and spiritual needs
✔✔Religiosity - ✔✔-external expression in form of practicing faith/belief
-expression of moral beliefs
✔✔Attributes and criteria of spirituality - ✔✔-spirituality is universal
-illness impacts spirituality
-patient and or family must be willing to share and act on spiritual beliefs
-spiritual beliefs and practices are impacted by family and culture
✔✔Attributes and criteria of spirtuality - ✔✔-Nurse must be willing to assess and
integrate patient beliefs into care
-Nurse must be willing to consult with/refer to appropriate spiritual expert
-community-based religious organization can provide support /resources
✔✔puchalski's spiritual care implementation model - ✔✔
✔✔Atchelys continuity theory of the spiritual self - ✔✔-deep inner silence
-insight
-compassion
-connection with the ground of being
-transcendence of personal self
-wonder
-transformation
✔✔What mandates spiritual care to be provided - ✔✔-the joint commission
✔✔Nursing in holistic - ✔✔-we should assess all needs
✔✔Why nurses neglect spiritual care - ✔✔-Failure to recognize spiritual needs
-Feeling inadequate to meet the needs
-Insufficient focus on spirituality in nursing education
