EXAM 3 PSYC 230 UIUC EXPECTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
object agnosia
ANSWER
Inability to recognize objects using only vision.
Question 2.
top-down processing
ANSWER
a process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we perceive them
Question 3.
bottom-up processing
ANSWER
a process whereby physical stimuli influence how we perceive them
Question 4.
recognition
ANSWER
the ability to match a presented item with an item in memory
Question 5.
representation
ANSWER
the storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that information is not in
use
,Question 6.
perceptual organization
ANSWER
the process by which multiple objects in the environment are grouped, allowing us to identify
multiple objects in complex scenes
Question 7.
grouping
ANSWER
the process by which elements in a figure are brought together into a common unit or object
Question 8.
Segregation
ANSWER
the process of distinguishing two objects as being distinct or discrete
Question 9.
figure-ground organization
ANSWER
the experience viewers have as to which part of an image is in front and which part of an
image is in the background of a particular scene
Question 10.
Gestalt Psychology
ANSWER
In terms of vision, gestalt argues that what we see is greater than its individual parts. That is,
the process of perception are designed to see the scene rather that bits of light here and
there. Stimuli were sufficiently rich in structure to allow the perceptual system to extract
meaning directly from the stimuli rather than building it up from an image of thought. The
whole is different from the sum of its parts.
,Question 11.
How symmetry and convexity affect figure-ground organization
ANSWER
Symmetry:
images that are more likely to be seen as figure and therefore in the foreground, whereas less
symmetrical images are more likely to be perceived as background
Convexity:
Images with convex borders are more likely to be seen as figure, whereas those with concave
borders are more likely to be seen as ground. (stevens and brookes 1988)
Question 12.
law of good continuation
ANSWER
grouping law stating that edges that are smooth are more likely to be seen as continuous than
edges that have abrupt or sharp angles
Question 13.
law of proximity
ANSWER
grouping law stating that elements that are close together tend to be perceived as a unified
group
Question 14.
law of similarity
ANSWER
grouping law stating that elements that are similar to one another tend to be perceived as a
unified group
Question 15.
Law of Symmetry
ANSWER
grouping law stating that elements that are symmetrical to each other tend be be perceived as
a unified group
, Question 16.
perceptual interpolation
ANSWER
the process by which the visual system fills in hidden edges and surfaces in order to represent
the entirety of a partially visible object
Question 17.
edge completion
ANSWER
the perception of a physically absent but inferred edge, allowing us to complete the perception
of a partially hidden object
Question 18.
illusory contours
ANSWER
perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually physically present
Question 19.
recognition by components
ANSWER
a theory stating that object recognition occurs by representing each object as a combination of
basic units (geons) that make up that object; we recognize an object by the relation of its
geons
Question 20.
Geons
ANSWER
the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such as cylinders and pyramids
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
object agnosia
ANSWER
Inability to recognize objects using only vision.
Question 2.
top-down processing
ANSWER
a process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we perceive them
Question 3.
bottom-up processing
ANSWER
a process whereby physical stimuli influence how we perceive them
Question 4.
recognition
ANSWER
the ability to match a presented item with an item in memory
Question 5.
representation
ANSWER
the storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that information is not in
use
,Question 6.
perceptual organization
ANSWER
the process by which multiple objects in the environment are grouped, allowing us to identify
multiple objects in complex scenes
Question 7.
grouping
ANSWER
the process by which elements in a figure are brought together into a common unit or object
Question 8.
Segregation
ANSWER
the process of distinguishing two objects as being distinct or discrete
Question 9.
figure-ground organization
ANSWER
the experience viewers have as to which part of an image is in front and which part of an
image is in the background of a particular scene
Question 10.
Gestalt Psychology
ANSWER
In terms of vision, gestalt argues that what we see is greater than its individual parts. That is,
the process of perception are designed to see the scene rather that bits of light here and
there. Stimuli were sufficiently rich in structure to allow the perceptual system to extract
meaning directly from the stimuli rather than building it up from an image of thought. The
whole is different from the sum of its parts.
,Question 11.
How symmetry and convexity affect figure-ground organization
ANSWER
Symmetry:
images that are more likely to be seen as figure and therefore in the foreground, whereas less
symmetrical images are more likely to be perceived as background
Convexity:
Images with convex borders are more likely to be seen as figure, whereas those with concave
borders are more likely to be seen as ground. (stevens and brookes 1988)
Question 12.
law of good continuation
ANSWER
grouping law stating that edges that are smooth are more likely to be seen as continuous than
edges that have abrupt or sharp angles
Question 13.
law of proximity
ANSWER
grouping law stating that elements that are close together tend to be perceived as a unified
group
Question 14.
law of similarity
ANSWER
grouping law stating that elements that are similar to one another tend to be perceived as a
unified group
Question 15.
Law of Symmetry
ANSWER
grouping law stating that elements that are symmetrical to each other tend be be perceived as
a unified group
, Question 16.
perceptual interpolation
ANSWER
the process by which the visual system fills in hidden edges and surfaces in order to represent
the entirety of a partially visible object
Question 17.
edge completion
ANSWER
the perception of a physically absent but inferred edge, allowing us to complete the perception
of a partially hidden object
Question 18.
illusory contours
ANSWER
perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually physically present
Question 19.
recognition by components
ANSWER
a theory stating that object recognition occurs by representing each object as a combination of
basic units (geons) that make up that object; we recognize an object by the relation of its
geons
Question 20.
Geons
ANSWER
the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such as cylinders and pyramids
