EXAM 1 REVIEW W/ NOTES EXPECTED
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Excessive Devotion to Tradition
ANSWER
Some devotion is necessary for the predictable functioning of society. When we distort our
observations or alter our reasoning so that we can maintain beliefs, we hinder our ability to
accept new findings and develop new knowledge. Consequences could lead to death.
Question 2.
Sample generalizability
ANSWER
exists when a conclusion based on a sample or subset of a larger population holds true for
that population
Question 3.
Negative relationship
ANSWER
The independent and dependent variables move in opposite directions; as one increases, the
other decreases
Question 4.
Reliability
ANSWER
A measure is reliable when it yields consistent scores or observations of a given
phenomenon on different occasions. Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity
,Question 5.
Content validity
ANSWER
The type of validity that establishes that a measure covers the full range of the concept's
meaning.
Question 6.
Cross-population generalizability/external validity
ANSWER
exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups,
populations, or settings
Question 7.
Response choices should be mutually _____ and _____, so every respondent can find one and only
choice that applies to him or her
ANSWER
exclusive
exhaustive
Question 8.
What reliability measures cronbach's alpha?
ANSWER
Interitem
Question 9.
Variable
ANSWER
a characteristic or property that can vary (take on different values or attributes)
,Question 10.
Psychometrics
ANSWER
The process of evaluating the reliability and validity of measures about individuals
Question 11.
Close-ended (fixed-choice questions)
ANSWER
· Measuring variables with single questions is very popular.
· Response choices should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive, so every respondent can
find one and only one choice that applies to him or her
Question 12.
Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment
ANSWER
A two-week experiment that simulated the prison life of both prisoners and guards that was
ended in 6 days because of what the simulation was doing to college students who
participated.
Question 13.
Content analysis
ANSWER
A research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text
Question 14.
Direction of association
ANSWER
when the values of variables tend to change consistently in relation to change in another
variable. Direction of association can be either positive or negative
, Question 15.
Inductive reasoning
ANSWER
the type of reasoning that moves from the specific to the general
Question 16.
Nuremberg War Crime Trials
ANSWER
The international military tribunal held by the victorious Allies after World War II in
Nuremberg, Germany, that exposed the horrific medical experiments conducted by Nazi
doctors and others in the name of science
Question 17.
Epistemology
ANSWER
A branch of philosophy that studies how knowledge is gained or acquired
Question 18.
Econometrics
ANSWER
The process of evaluating the reliability and validity of measures about organizations,
neighborhoods, or other collective units. More broadly, the application of statistical models
to test hypotheses in economics
Question 19.
Human subject (termed by the IRB)
ANSWER
a living individual about whom an investigator conducting research obtains data through
intervention or interaction with the individual or just identifiable private information
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
Excessive Devotion to Tradition
ANSWER
Some devotion is necessary for the predictable functioning of society. When we distort our
observations or alter our reasoning so that we can maintain beliefs, we hinder our ability to
accept new findings and develop new knowledge. Consequences could lead to death.
Question 2.
Sample generalizability
ANSWER
exists when a conclusion based on a sample or subset of a larger population holds true for
that population
Question 3.
Negative relationship
ANSWER
The independent and dependent variables move in opposite directions; as one increases, the
other decreases
Question 4.
Reliability
ANSWER
A measure is reliable when it yields consistent scores or observations of a given
phenomenon on different occasions. Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity
,Question 5.
Content validity
ANSWER
The type of validity that establishes that a measure covers the full range of the concept's
meaning.
Question 6.
Cross-population generalizability/external validity
ANSWER
exists when findings about one group, population, or setting hold true for other groups,
populations, or settings
Question 7.
Response choices should be mutually _____ and _____, so every respondent can find one and only
choice that applies to him or her
ANSWER
exclusive
exhaustive
Question 8.
What reliability measures cronbach's alpha?
ANSWER
Interitem
Question 9.
Variable
ANSWER
a characteristic or property that can vary (take on different values or attributes)
,Question 10.
Psychometrics
ANSWER
The process of evaluating the reliability and validity of measures about individuals
Question 11.
Close-ended (fixed-choice questions)
ANSWER
· Measuring variables with single questions is very popular.
· Response choices should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive, so every respondent can
find one and only one choice that applies to him or her
Question 12.
Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment
ANSWER
A two-week experiment that simulated the prison life of both prisoners and guards that was
ended in 6 days because of what the simulation was doing to college students who
participated.
Question 13.
Content analysis
ANSWER
A research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text
Question 14.
Direction of association
ANSWER
when the values of variables tend to change consistently in relation to change in another
variable. Direction of association can be either positive or negative
, Question 15.
Inductive reasoning
ANSWER
the type of reasoning that moves from the specific to the general
Question 16.
Nuremberg War Crime Trials
ANSWER
The international military tribunal held by the victorious Allies after World War II in
Nuremberg, Germany, that exposed the horrific medical experiments conducted by Nazi
doctors and others in the name of science
Question 17.
Epistemology
ANSWER
A branch of philosophy that studies how knowledge is gained or acquired
Question 18.
Econometrics
ANSWER
The process of evaluating the reliability and validity of measures about organizations,
neighborhoods, or other collective units. More broadly, the application of statistical models
to test hypotheses in economics
Question 19.
Human subject (termed by the IRB)
ANSWER
a living individual about whom an investigator conducting research obtains data through
intervention or interaction with the individual or just identifiable private information
