Nursing Leadership Management and Professional
Practice for the LPN/LVN 10th
Edition 2026/2027Exam with 100% Answers
graded A+
What are the ethical principles?
Autonomy - ability of client to make own decisions
Beneficence - care is in best interest of client
Fidelity - keeping one's promise
Justice - fair treatment
Nonmalificence - nurse's obligation to do no harm
Veracity - nurse's duty to tell the truth
What is a problem that is considered an ethical dilemma?
Cannot be solved solely by review of scientific data
Involves a conflict b/t two moral imperatives
Answer will have profound effect on situation/client
The Nurse as a Professional
Classe notes
What are the types of nurses described by Patricia Benner?
Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
What were the health beliefs during the prehistoric period?
All natural - illness was the work of the gods
Acts intended to deter evil gods & demons
What were the health practices during early civilization?
,Egypt
- Wanted to appease gods by having good health
- Laws on cleanliness, food use/preservation, drinking, exercise, sex, natural
remedies
- Women hired to care for sick & assist w/ child birth
Greece
- Greek mythology controlled health & illness
- Aesculapius - god of medicine ... temples built for the sick
- Hippocrates - father of medicine, first to attribute disease to natural causes
rather than supernatural/gods
- Scientific approach, patient centered approach
China
- Confucius had a powerful impact on health practices
- Yin & yang - imbalance resulted in ill health
- Acupuncture, drug therapy
What were the health practices of the middle ages?
Women used herbs
Men used purging, leeching, & mercury
Roman Catholic Church - central figure to health care
Wives of emperors became nurses
Changes in health care based on charity & sanity of human life
What were the health practices of the renaissance & the reformation period?
Pharmacology, chemistry, & medicinal knowledge
Dark ages of nursing
- Hospital care was regulated to common women, prisoners, thieves, & drunks
- Nursing became an undesirable job w/ poor pay
Social conditions
- Famine, plague, filth, crime
,Nursing orders
- Sisters of charity - young women recruited for use training, educational
programs
- St. Vincent de Paul - established the Hospital for the Foundling to care for
orphaned & abandoned children
What were the health care practices of the colonial American period?
Mexico
- Hospital of the Immaculate Conception - first hospital in North America, 1524
in Mexico City
- First med school built at the University of Mexico
Colonial America
- Life expectancy was low, plagues (yellow fever & smallpox) were a constant
threat
- Poorly trained physicians - crude methods for tx (bleeding & purgatives)
- Pennsylvania Hospital - first hospital built in the US, 1751, through efforts of
Benjamin Franklin
Who is Florence Nightingale?
1851: 3 month nurse training program at the Institute of Deaconesses at
Kaiswerswerth, Germany
1854: training at Harley Street Nursing Home, superintendent of nurses at King's
College Hospital in London
Crimean War
- 1854: lead a group of 38 nurses to work at the Barracks Hospital in Scutari
Accomplishments:
Aseptic technique
Infection control procedures
Political activism on health care reform
First nursing school in England
Up to 20 hours each day proving nursing care
, System for transcribing doctors ordered
System to maintain patient records
Kept statistics (decrease in solider death rate as result of sanitary conditions)
Who was Mary Seacole?
Jamaican nurse
Played a major role in Crimean War
Opened lodging house for wounded soldiers
Denied opportunity to join Nightingale's nursing bringage b/c black
Contributed to control of the cholera epidemic through knowledge in tropical
medicine
Honored w/ a medal for saving lives from the Jamaican government & British
Commonwealth
What were the health care practices during the Civil War Period in the United
States?
1861-1865
No army nurses/medical corps when war began
Dorothea Dix
181 African American nurses served from 1863-1864, White nurses made $12
per month, AA nurses made $10
Who was Dorothea Dix?
Appointed to organize military hospitals
Provide trained nurses & disperse supplies
Received no official status & no salary
Who was Harriet Tubman?
Cared for wounded soldiers & conducted and underground railroad to lead
slaves to freedom
Who was Sojourner Truth?
Practice for the LPN/LVN 10th
Edition 2026/2027Exam with 100% Answers
graded A+
What are the ethical principles?
Autonomy - ability of client to make own decisions
Beneficence - care is in best interest of client
Fidelity - keeping one's promise
Justice - fair treatment
Nonmalificence - nurse's obligation to do no harm
Veracity - nurse's duty to tell the truth
What is a problem that is considered an ethical dilemma?
Cannot be solved solely by review of scientific data
Involves a conflict b/t two moral imperatives
Answer will have profound effect on situation/client
The Nurse as a Professional
Classe notes
What are the types of nurses described by Patricia Benner?
Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
What were the health beliefs during the prehistoric period?
All natural - illness was the work of the gods
Acts intended to deter evil gods & demons
What were the health practices during early civilization?
,Egypt
- Wanted to appease gods by having good health
- Laws on cleanliness, food use/preservation, drinking, exercise, sex, natural
remedies
- Women hired to care for sick & assist w/ child birth
Greece
- Greek mythology controlled health & illness
- Aesculapius - god of medicine ... temples built for the sick
- Hippocrates - father of medicine, first to attribute disease to natural causes
rather than supernatural/gods
- Scientific approach, patient centered approach
China
- Confucius had a powerful impact on health practices
- Yin & yang - imbalance resulted in ill health
- Acupuncture, drug therapy
What were the health practices of the middle ages?
Women used herbs
Men used purging, leeching, & mercury
Roman Catholic Church - central figure to health care
Wives of emperors became nurses
Changes in health care based on charity & sanity of human life
What were the health practices of the renaissance & the reformation period?
Pharmacology, chemistry, & medicinal knowledge
Dark ages of nursing
- Hospital care was regulated to common women, prisoners, thieves, & drunks
- Nursing became an undesirable job w/ poor pay
Social conditions
- Famine, plague, filth, crime
,Nursing orders
- Sisters of charity - young women recruited for use training, educational
programs
- St. Vincent de Paul - established the Hospital for the Foundling to care for
orphaned & abandoned children
What were the health care practices of the colonial American period?
Mexico
- Hospital of the Immaculate Conception - first hospital in North America, 1524
in Mexico City
- First med school built at the University of Mexico
Colonial America
- Life expectancy was low, plagues (yellow fever & smallpox) were a constant
threat
- Poorly trained physicians - crude methods for tx (bleeding & purgatives)
- Pennsylvania Hospital - first hospital built in the US, 1751, through efforts of
Benjamin Franklin
Who is Florence Nightingale?
1851: 3 month nurse training program at the Institute of Deaconesses at
Kaiswerswerth, Germany
1854: training at Harley Street Nursing Home, superintendent of nurses at King's
College Hospital in London
Crimean War
- 1854: lead a group of 38 nurses to work at the Barracks Hospital in Scutari
Accomplishments:
Aseptic technique
Infection control procedures
Political activism on health care reform
First nursing school in England
Up to 20 hours each day proving nursing care
, System for transcribing doctors ordered
System to maintain patient records
Kept statistics (decrease in solider death rate as result of sanitary conditions)
Who was Mary Seacole?
Jamaican nurse
Played a major role in Crimean War
Opened lodging house for wounded soldiers
Denied opportunity to join Nightingale's nursing bringage b/c black
Contributed to control of the cholera epidemic through knowledge in tropical
medicine
Honored w/ a medal for saving lives from the Jamaican government & British
Commonwealth
What were the health care practices during the Civil War Period in the United
States?
1861-1865
No army nurses/medical corps when war began
Dorothea Dix
181 African American nurses served from 1863-1864, White nurses made $12
per month, AA nurses made $10
Who was Dorothea Dix?
Appointed to organize military hospitals
Provide trained nurses & disperse supplies
Received no official status & no salary
Who was Harriet Tubman?
Cared for wounded soldiers & conducted and underground railroad to lead
slaves to freedom
Who was Sojourner Truth?
