BIOD 101 Essential Biology I — 100
Practice Questions
MODULE 1: Fundamentals of Matter & Biomolecules (Q1–Q20)
Q1. What is the definition of matter?
A) Anything that has energy
B) Anything that takes up space and has mass
C) Anything that is visible
D) Anything that can be chemically combined
Answer: B — Matter occupies space and has mass.
Q2. Which six elements make up approximately 98% of an organism's mass?
A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
B) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, potassium
C) Hydrogen, oxygen, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron
D) Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur
Answer: A — CHONSP.
Q3. An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number?
A) 12
B) 6
C) 18
D) 3
Answer: B — Atomic number = number of protons.
Q4. Two atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons. These are called:
A) Ions
B) Isotopes
C) Cations
D) Anions
Answer: B — Isotopes differ in neutron number.
Q5. A sodium atom loses one electron and becomes positively charged. This particle is a:
A) Anion
B) Cation
C) Isotope
D) Neutron
Answer: B — Cation = positively charged ion.
Q6. In an ionic bond, electrons are:
A) Shared equally
,B) Shared unequally
C) Transferred from one atom to another
D) Destroyed
Answer: C — Ionic bonds involve electron transfer.
Q7. A bond in which electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges, is called:
A) Nonpolar covalent
B) Polar covalent
C) Ionic
D) Hydrogen
Answer: B — Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing.
Q8. What is a hydrogen bond?
A) A strong covalent bond
B) A weak attraction between partially charged atoms
C) An ionic bond
D) A peptide bond
Answer: B — Weak intermolecular attraction.
Q9. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
Answer: B — pH 7 is neutral.
Q10. A solution with a pH of 3 is:
A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Alkaline
Answer: B — pH below 7 is acidic.
Q11. What are the four major classes of biomacromolecules?
A) Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
B) Proteins, sugars, fats, vitamins
C) Carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, water
D) Proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, water
Answer: A — Four major macromolecules.
Q12. The monomer of carbohydrates is:
A) Amino acid
B) Monosaccharide
, C) Nucleotide
D) Fatty acid
Answer: B — Monosaccharides are simple sugars.
Q13. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Starch
D) Sucrose
Answer: C — Starch is a polysaccharide.
Q14. The monomer of proteins is:
A) Monosaccharide
B) Nucleotide
C) Amino acid
D) Glycerol
Answer: C — Amino acids link via peptide bonds.
Q15. The monomer of nucleic acids is:
A) Amino acid
B) Nucleotide
C) Monosaccharide
D) Fatty acid
Answer: B — Nucleotides are the building blocks.
Q16. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
A) Catalyzing reactions
B) Transporting molecules
C) Storing genetic information
D) Acting as structural molecules
Answer: C — Nucleic acids store genetic information.
Q17. Why are lipids insoluble in water?
A) They are polar
B) They are made mostly of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains
C) They contain phosphate
D) They are too large
Answer: B — Nonpolar molecules don't mix with polar water.
Q18. What is a dehydration condensation reaction?
A) A reaction that adds water to break bonds
B) A reaction that joins monomers and loses water
C) A reaction that produces ATP
Practice Questions
MODULE 1: Fundamentals of Matter & Biomolecules (Q1–Q20)
Q1. What is the definition of matter?
A) Anything that has energy
B) Anything that takes up space and has mass
C) Anything that is visible
D) Anything that can be chemically combined
Answer: B — Matter occupies space and has mass.
Q2. Which six elements make up approximately 98% of an organism's mass?
A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
B) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, potassium
C) Hydrogen, oxygen, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron
D) Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur
Answer: A — CHONSP.
Q3. An atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number?
A) 12
B) 6
C) 18
D) 3
Answer: B — Atomic number = number of protons.
Q4. Two atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons. These are called:
A) Ions
B) Isotopes
C) Cations
D) Anions
Answer: B — Isotopes differ in neutron number.
Q5. A sodium atom loses one electron and becomes positively charged. This particle is a:
A) Anion
B) Cation
C) Isotope
D) Neutron
Answer: B — Cation = positively charged ion.
Q6. In an ionic bond, electrons are:
A) Shared equally
,B) Shared unequally
C) Transferred from one atom to another
D) Destroyed
Answer: C — Ionic bonds involve electron transfer.
Q7. A bond in which electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges, is called:
A) Nonpolar covalent
B) Polar covalent
C) Ionic
D) Hydrogen
Answer: B — Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing.
Q8. What is a hydrogen bond?
A) A strong covalent bond
B) A weak attraction between partially charged atoms
C) An ionic bond
D) A peptide bond
Answer: B — Weak intermolecular attraction.
Q9. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
Answer: B — pH 7 is neutral.
Q10. A solution with a pH of 3 is:
A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Alkaline
Answer: B — pH below 7 is acidic.
Q11. What are the four major classes of biomacromolecules?
A) Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
B) Proteins, sugars, fats, vitamins
C) Carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, water
D) Proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, water
Answer: A — Four major macromolecules.
Q12. The monomer of carbohydrates is:
A) Amino acid
B) Monosaccharide
, C) Nucleotide
D) Fatty acid
Answer: B — Monosaccharides are simple sugars.
Q13. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Starch
D) Sucrose
Answer: C — Starch is a polysaccharide.
Q14. The monomer of proteins is:
A) Monosaccharide
B) Nucleotide
C) Amino acid
D) Glycerol
Answer: C — Amino acids link via peptide bonds.
Q15. The monomer of nucleic acids is:
A) Amino acid
B) Nucleotide
C) Monosaccharide
D) Fatty acid
Answer: B — Nucleotides are the building blocks.
Q16. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
A) Catalyzing reactions
B) Transporting molecules
C) Storing genetic information
D) Acting as structural molecules
Answer: C — Nucleic acids store genetic information.
Q17. Why are lipids insoluble in water?
A) They are polar
B) They are made mostly of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains
C) They contain phosphate
D) They are too large
Answer: B — Nonpolar molecules don't mix with polar water.
Q18. What is a dehydration condensation reaction?
A) A reaction that adds water to break bonds
B) A reaction that joins monomers and loses water
C) A reaction that produces ATP
