Anatomy & Physiology Question Bank
1. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport
to other parts of the cell or for secretion?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Centrosome
D. Nucleolus
Answer: B. Golgi apparatus
2. A patient has difficulty moving the tongue and forming clear speech following
damage to a cranial nerve. Which cranial nerve primarily controls most tongue
movements?
A. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B. Facial nerve (CN VII)
C. Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Answer: A. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
3. Which protein in red blood cells binds oxygen for transport from the lungs to body
tissues?
A. Fibrin
B. Albumin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Myoglobin
Answer: C. Hemoglobin
4. True or False: The epidermis is composed primarily of keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium.
Answer: True
5. Which hormone promotes water conservation by increasing water permeability in
the kidney's collecting ducts?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Glucagon
Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone
,6. A person has a reduced ability to digest lactose after consuming milk. Which
enzyme is most likely deficient?
A. Maltase
B. Lactase
C. Pepsin
D. Trypsin
Answer: B. Lactase
7. Which type of connective tissue forms the main structural framework of lymph
nodes and the spleen?
A. Reticular connective tissue
B. Dense regular connective tissue
C. Elastic cartilage
D. Adipose tissue
Answer: A. Reticular connective tissue
8. Fill in the blank: The connective tissue layer that surrounds an individual skeletal
muscle fiber is the ________.
Answer: Endomysium
9. Which brain structure plays a major role in regulating thirst and coordinating
responses to changes in blood osmolarity?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Primary visual cortex
C. Cerebellum
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
10. A patient has reduced surfactant production in the lungs. What is the most likely
consequence?
A. Increased surface tension within alveoli
B. Increased production of red blood cells immediately
C. Reduced resistance in the systemic arteries
D. Increased bile secretion
Answer: A. Increased surface tension within alveoli
11. Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps equalize
air pressure across the tympanic membrane?
A. Auditory tube
B. Cochlear duct
,C. Optic canal
D. Nasolacrimal duct
Answer: A. Auditory tube
12. Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon when blood glucose levels fall?
A. Beta cells
B. Alpha cells
C. Delta cells
D. Acinar cells
Answer: B. Alpha cells
13. True or False: Veins generally contain valves that help prevent the backward flow
of blood, especially in the limbs.
Answer: True
14. A patient has a tear in the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Which movement
does this ligament primarily help limit?
A. Excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur
B. Excessive extension of the fingers
C. Rotation of the forearm at the elbow
D. Movement of the mandible during chewing
Answer: A. Excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur
15. Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable
membrane toward the side with a higher effective solute concentration?
A. Filtration
B. Osmosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Active transport
Answer: B. Osmosis
16. Match each structure with its primary function.
1. Appendix
2. Thyroid cartilage
3. Uvula
4. Diaphragm
A. Helps separate the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during swallowing
B. Major muscle used in quiet inspiration
C. Supports and protects the larynx
D. Contains lymphoid tissue and is associated with gut immunity
, Answer: 1–D, 2–C, 3–A, 4–B
17. Which component of the blood is mainly responsible for transporting carbon
dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions?
A. Erythrocytes and their carbonic anhydrase activity
B. Platelets alone
C. Plasma proteins alone
D. Neutrophils
Answer: A. Erythrocytes and their carbonic anhydrase activity
18. A patient has damage to the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear. Which symptom
is most likely?
A. Impaired balance
B. Inability to produce insulin
C. Reduced filtration of blood by the kidneys
D. Loss of bile production
Answer: A. Impaired balance
19. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorbing the largest
proportion of filtered water, sodium, glucose, and amino acids under normal
conditions?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Collecting duct
D. Renal pelvis
Answer: A. Proximal convoluted tubule
20. Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor and contributes to
milk ejection during breastfeeding?
A. Prolactin
B. Oxytocin
C. Estrogen
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Answer: B. Oxytocin
21. A person cannot adequately extend the knee against resistance after an injury to
the quadriceps tendon. Which bone does this tendon attach to through the patella and
patellar ligament?
A. Tibia
B. Fibula
1. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport
to other parts of the cell or for secretion?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Centrosome
D. Nucleolus
Answer: B. Golgi apparatus
2. A patient has difficulty moving the tongue and forming clear speech following
damage to a cranial nerve. Which cranial nerve primarily controls most tongue
movements?
A. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
B. Facial nerve (CN VII)
C. Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
D. Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Answer: A. Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
3. Which protein in red blood cells binds oxygen for transport from the lungs to body
tissues?
A. Fibrin
B. Albumin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Myoglobin
Answer: C. Hemoglobin
4. True or False: The epidermis is composed primarily of keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium.
Answer: True
5. Which hormone promotes water conservation by increasing water permeability in
the kidney's collecting ducts?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Glucagon
Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone
,6. A person has a reduced ability to digest lactose after consuming milk. Which
enzyme is most likely deficient?
A. Maltase
B. Lactase
C. Pepsin
D. Trypsin
Answer: B. Lactase
7. Which type of connective tissue forms the main structural framework of lymph
nodes and the spleen?
A. Reticular connective tissue
B. Dense regular connective tissue
C. Elastic cartilage
D. Adipose tissue
Answer: A. Reticular connective tissue
8. Fill in the blank: The connective tissue layer that surrounds an individual skeletal
muscle fiber is the ________.
Answer: Endomysium
9. Which brain structure plays a major role in regulating thirst and coordinating
responses to changes in blood osmolarity?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Primary visual cortex
C. Cerebellum
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
10. A patient has reduced surfactant production in the lungs. What is the most likely
consequence?
A. Increased surface tension within alveoli
B. Increased production of red blood cells immediately
C. Reduced resistance in the systemic arteries
D. Increased bile secretion
Answer: A. Increased surface tension within alveoli
11. Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps equalize
air pressure across the tympanic membrane?
A. Auditory tube
B. Cochlear duct
,C. Optic canal
D. Nasolacrimal duct
Answer: A. Auditory tube
12. Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon when blood glucose levels fall?
A. Beta cells
B. Alpha cells
C. Delta cells
D. Acinar cells
Answer: B. Alpha cells
13. True or False: Veins generally contain valves that help prevent the backward flow
of blood, especially in the limbs.
Answer: True
14. A patient has a tear in the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Which movement
does this ligament primarily help limit?
A. Excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur
B. Excessive extension of the fingers
C. Rotation of the forearm at the elbow
D. Movement of the mandible during chewing
Answer: A. Excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur
15. Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable
membrane toward the side with a higher effective solute concentration?
A. Filtration
B. Osmosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Active transport
Answer: B. Osmosis
16. Match each structure with its primary function.
1. Appendix
2. Thyroid cartilage
3. Uvula
4. Diaphragm
A. Helps separate the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during swallowing
B. Major muscle used in quiet inspiration
C. Supports and protects the larynx
D. Contains lymphoid tissue and is associated with gut immunity
, Answer: 1–D, 2–C, 3–A, 4–B
17. Which component of the blood is mainly responsible for transporting carbon
dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions?
A. Erythrocytes and their carbonic anhydrase activity
B. Platelets alone
C. Plasma proteins alone
D. Neutrophils
Answer: A. Erythrocytes and their carbonic anhydrase activity
18. A patient has damage to the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear. Which symptom
is most likely?
A. Impaired balance
B. Inability to produce insulin
C. Reduced filtration of blood by the kidneys
D. Loss of bile production
Answer: A. Impaired balance
19. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorbing the largest
proportion of filtered water, sodium, glucose, and amino acids under normal
conditions?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Collecting duct
D. Renal pelvis
Answer: A. Proximal convoluted tubule
20. Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor and contributes to
milk ejection during breastfeeding?
A. Prolactin
B. Oxytocin
C. Estrogen
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Answer: B. Oxytocin
21. A person cannot adequately extend the knee against resistance after an injury to
the quadriceps tendon. Which bone does this tendon attach to through the patella and
patellar ligament?
A. Tibia
B. Fibula
