Chapter 21 Cardiovascular Disorders – Pearson with verified questions and solution A+ grade
Blood enters the coronary arteries, allowing perfusion of the myocardium, during:
a. atrial systole.
b. atrial diastole.
c. ventricular systole.
d. ventricular diastole. - - Press enter after select an option to check the answer
ventricular diastole - Rationale: Myocardial perfusion occurs during ventricular diastole.
What cardiac electrical event is represented by the interval on the ECG from the beginning of
the QRS complex to the end of the T wave (QT interval)?
a. Complete cardiac electrical cycle
b. Ventricular systole and diastole
c. Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
d. Atrial depolarization and repolarization - - Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
- Rationale: This describes one complete ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
Which one of the following cardiac electrical events is represented by the interval on the ECG
from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave (QT interval)?
a. Complete cardiac electrical cycle
b. Ventricular systole and diastole
c. Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
d. Atrial depolarization and repolarization - - Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
- Rationale: This describes one complete ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
A 55-year-old male patient complains of chest pain and dizziness while at rest. Initial vital signs
are heart rate 55, blood pressure 86/52, respiratory rate 22, SpO2 92 percent on room air. You
,have initiated oxygen by nasal cannula at 4 lpm, given the patient 162 mg chewable aspirin, and
started a large-bore IV of normal saline. The next thing you should do is:
a. administer 0.4 mg SL nitroglycerin.
b. administer 4 mg morphine, IVP.
c. contact medical direction concerning a possible fluid bolus.
d. give a second dose of aspirin, 81 mg PO. - - contact medical direction concerning a
possible fluid bolus
A 55-year-old male patient complains of chest pain and dizziness while at rest. Initial vital signs
are heart rate 55, blood pressure 86/52, respiratory rate 22, SpO2 92 percent on room air. You
have initiated oxygen by nasal cannula at 4 lpm, given the patient 162 mg chewable aspirin, and
started a large-bore IV of normal saline. The most appropriate next intervention would be to:
a. administer 0.4 mg SL nitroglycerin.
b. administer 4 mg morphine, IVP.
c. administer a fluid bolus.
d. give a second dose of aspirin, 81 mg PO. - - administer a fluid bolus - Rationale: The
best next treatment would be a fluid bolus to resolve the hypotension.
In what way do white blood cells play a role in atherosclerosis?
a. By sticking together, providing the basis for a blood clot in the artery.
b. By causing initial damage to the intimal layer of the vessel.
c. By forming a fibrous cap over the plaque.
d. By ingesting cholesterol and becoming foam cells in the plaque. - - By ingesting
cholesterol and becoming foam cells in the plaque
Which one of the following patients is most likely to present with atypical signs and symptoms
of ACS?
a. A 60-year-old woman with diabetes
,b. An otherwise healthy 52-year-old man
c. A 35-year-old man with high blood lipid levels
d. Any patient who is overweight - - A 60-year-old woman with diabetes - Rationale:
Elderly patients, diabetic patients, females, and alcoholics are likely to present with atypical
signs and symptoms of ACS.
Which one of the following cardiac dysrhythmias may be present either with or without a
pulse?
a. Normal sinus rhythm
b. Ventricular fibrillation
c. Ventricular tachycardia
d. Asystole - - Ventricular tachycardia
Which one of the following would make a patient a poor choice for fibrinolytic therapy?
a. Takes aspirin every day
b. Recently had surgery
c. Has a history of coronary artery disease
d. Has a family history of stroke - - Recently had surgery
Which phase of the cardiac cycle requires ATP to fuel the cellular sodium-potassium pump?
a. Repolarization and resting state
b. Repolarization only
c. Depolarization only
d. Depolarization and resting state - - Repolarization and resting state - Rationale:
Repolarization is an active process that requires the sodium-potassium pump to actively move
sodium and potassium ions, which requires energy. Because the tendency of ions is to
equilibrate, or equalize across a membrane, the sodium pump must actively remove sodium
ions from the cell as they enter it in order to maintain the resting membrane potential.
, Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Advanced EMTs can do anything a paramedic can do.
b. Advanced EMTs are not very helpful in cardiac emergencies.
c. Advanced EMTs should always call for ALS backup for any potential ACS patient.
d. Advanced EMTs may administer medications and transport the patient to a hospital equipped
to provide definitive cardiac care. - - Advanced EMTs may administer medications and
transport the patient to a hospital equipped to provide definitive cardiac care - Rationale: The
basic treatment for ACS is within the Advanced EMT's scope of practice, and not every ACS
patient may require ALS intervention.
What is the intrinsic firing rate of the SA node?
a. 100 to 140 per minute
b. 60 to 100 per minute
c. 20 to 40 per minute
d. 40 to 60 per minute - - 60 to 100 per minute
The lung tissue is perfused by the:
a. bronchial arteries.
b. portal arteries.
c. mediastinal arteries.
d. pulmonary arteries. - - pulmonary arteries - Rationale: Lung tissue is perfused by the
pulmonary arteries. They are the only arteries that carry unoxygenated blood away from the
heart.
Which one of the following best represents mean arterial pressure?
a. Systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure
b. Diastolic blood pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure
Blood enters the coronary arteries, allowing perfusion of the myocardium, during:
a. atrial systole.
b. atrial diastole.
c. ventricular systole.
d. ventricular diastole. - - Press enter after select an option to check the answer
ventricular diastole - Rationale: Myocardial perfusion occurs during ventricular diastole.
What cardiac electrical event is represented by the interval on the ECG from the beginning of
the QRS complex to the end of the T wave (QT interval)?
a. Complete cardiac electrical cycle
b. Ventricular systole and diastole
c. Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
d. Atrial depolarization and repolarization - - Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
- Rationale: This describes one complete ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
Which one of the following cardiac electrical events is represented by the interval on the ECG
from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave (QT interval)?
a. Complete cardiac electrical cycle
b. Ventricular systole and diastole
c. Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
d. Atrial depolarization and repolarization - - Ventricular depolarization and repolarization
- Rationale: This describes one complete ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
A 55-year-old male patient complains of chest pain and dizziness while at rest. Initial vital signs
are heart rate 55, blood pressure 86/52, respiratory rate 22, SpO2 92 percent on room air. You
,have initiated oxygen by nasal cannula at 4 lpm, given the patient 162 mg chewable aspirin, and
started a large-bore IV of normal saline. The next thing you should do is:
a. administer 0.4 mg SL nitroglycerin.
b. administer 4 mg morphine, IVP.
c. contact medical direction concerning a possible fluid bolus.
d. give a second dose of aspirin, 81 mg PO. - - contact medical direction concerning a
possible fluid bolus
A 55-year-old male patient complains of chest pain and dizziness while at rest. Initial vital signs
are heart rate 55, blood pressure 86/52, respiratory rate 22, SpO2 92 percent on room air. You
have initiated oxygen by nasal cannula at 4 lpm, given the patient 162 mg chewable aspirin, and
started a large-bore IV of normal saline. The most appropriate next intervention would be to:
a. administer 0.4 mg SL nitroglycerin.
b. administer 4 mg morphine, IVP.
c. administer a fluid bolus.
d. give a second dose of aspirin, 81 mg PO. - - administer a fluid bolus - Rationale: The
best next treatment would be a fluid bolus to resolve the hypotension.
In what way do white blood cells play a role in atherosclerosis?
a. By sticking together, providing the basis for a blood clot in the artery.
b. By causing initial damage to the intimal layer of the vessel.
c. By forming a fibrous cap over the plaque.
d. By ingesting cholesterol and becoming foam cells in the plaque. - - By ingesting
cholesterol and becoming foam cells in the plaque
Which one of the following patients is most likely to present with atypical signs and symptoms
of ACS?
a. A 60-year-old woman with diabetes
,b. An otherwise healthy 52-year-old man
c. A 35-year-old man with high blood lipid levels
d. Any patient who is overweight - - A 60-year-old woman with diabetes - Rationale:
Elderly patients, diabetic patients, females, and alcoholics are likely to present with atypical
signs and symptoms of ACS.
Which one of the following cardiac dysrhythmias may be present either with or without a
pulse?
a. Normal sinus rhythm
b. Ventricular fibrillation
c. Ventricular tachycardia
d. Asystole - - Ventricular tachycardia
Which one of the following would make a patient a poor choice for fibrinolytic therapy?
a. Takes aspirin every day
b. Recently had surgery
c. Has a history of coronary artery disease
d. Has a family history of stroke - - Recently had surgery
Which phase of the cardiac cycle requires ATP to fuel the cellular sodium-potassium pump?
a. Repolarization and resting state
b. Repolarization only
c. Depolarization only
d. Depolarization and resting state - - Repolarization and resting state - Rationale:
Repolarization is an active process that requires the sodium-potassium pump to actively move
sodium and potassium ions, which requires energy. Because the tendency of ions is to
equilibrate, or equalize across a membrane, the sodium pump must actively remove sodium
ions from the cell as they enter it in order to maintain the resting membrane potential.
, Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Advanced EMTs can do anything a paramedic can do.
b. Advanced EMTs are not very helpful in cardiac emergencies.
c. Advanced EMTs should always call for ALS backup for any potential ACS patient.
d. Advanced EMTs may administer medications and transport the patient to a hospital equipped
to provide definitive cardiac care. - - Advanced EMTs may administer medications and
transport the patient to a hospital equipped to provide definitive cardiac care - Rationale: The
basic treatment for ACS is within the Advanced EMT's scope of practice, and not every ACS
patient may require ALS intervention.
What is the intrinsic firing rate of the SA node?
a. 100 to 140 per minute
b. 60 to 100 per minute
c. 20 to 40 per minute
d. 40 to 60 per minute - - 60 to 100 per minute
The lung tissue is perfused by the:
a. bronchial arteries.
b. portal arteries.
c. mediastinal arteries.
d. pulmonary arteries. - - pulmonary arteries - Rationale: Lung tissue is perfused by the
pulmonary arteries. They are the only arteries that carry unoxygenated blood away from the
heart.
Which one of the following best represents mean arterial pressure?
a. Systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure
b. Diastolic blood pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure
