NUR 330 Exam 1 Study Guide – UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
NUR 330 Exam 1 Study Guide – UPDATED
Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Section 1: Causes, Cues, Hyponatremia (Q1–Q13)
Question & Answer
Q1 Sodium normal values
A 136-145 mEq/L
Q2 Hyponatremia Causes
A Sodium loss: diuretics, bleeding, GI system, burns OR water gain: renal failure, hypotonic solution
excess, excessive water intake, kidney/heart failure, hyperglycemia
Q3 Hyponatremia Cues
A LOC decrease, seizures, coma, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weak pulse (hypovolemia), bounding
pulse (hypervolemia)
Q4 Hyponatremia Take Action
A Sodium loss: sodium containing fluids/foods, Water gain: diuretics, fluid restriction
Q5 Hypernatremia Causes
A Fluid loss: dehydration, fever, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, diarrhea OR sodium gain: kidney
failure, steroids, excessive intake of sodium
Q6 Hypernatremia Cues
A Thirst, altered LOC, agitation, lethargy to coma, twitching, abnormal contractions, decreased
contractility, abnormal BP/pulse
Q7 Hypernatremia Take Action
A Gradual correction of sodium levels, Fluid loss: IV fluids, NOT Fluid loss: D5W or diuretics, dietary
sodium restriction
Q8 Potassium Normal Values
A 3.5-5 mEq/L
Q9 Hypokalemia Causes
A Actual K+ loss: medications (diuretics, Cushing syndrome, GI losses, NGT suction), Relative K+
deficit: alkalosis, insulin administration, TPN, fluid excess
Q10 Hypokalemia Cues
A ECG changes, dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, shallow breathing, abdominal distension,
hypoactive bowel sounds, weakness, altered LOC, paresthesia
Q11 Hypokalemia Take Action
A Oral K+ supplements (slower absorption), IV K+ replacement (NEVER PUSH & MAX 10 mEq/hour),
K+ rich foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes)
Page 1 of 9
, NUR 330 Exam 1 Study Guide – UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question & Answer
Q12 Hyperkalemia Causes
A Impaired renal function, rapid K+ administration, tissue trauma, meds (ACE's, ARBs),
hypoaldosteronism, acidosis (HIGHER RISK IN ADULTS)
Q13 Hyperkalemia Cues
A ECG changes!!!!, bradycardia, twitching, numbness, tingling, flaccid paralysis, diarrhea, hyperactive
bowel sounds
Section 2: Take, Action, Causes (Q14–Q26)
Question & Answer
Q14 Hyperkalemia Take Action
A Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), loop diuretics (if renal function normal), EMERGENCY: IV
calcium gluconate, IV sodium bicarbonate, IV insulin with dextrose, dialysis
Q15 Calcium Normal Values
A 9-10.5 mg/dL
Q16 Hypocalcemia Causes
A Hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, pancreatitis, alkalosis, multiple blood transfusion, AKI,
medications (anticonvulsants & certain diuretics)
Q17 Hypocalcemia Cues
A Trousseau sign!!!!, Chvostek sign!!!!!, tetany, ECG changes, weak pulse, hyperactive bowel sounds,
diarrhea
Q18 Hypocalcemia Take Action
A IV calcium gluconate (emergency), Ca supplements and foods, reduce stimulation, fall and SEIZURE
precautions
Q19 Hypercalcemia Causes
A Malignancy (most common cause), hyperparathyroidism, immobility, Thiazide diuretics, excessive
intake, CKD, dehydration
Q20 Hypercalcemia Cues
A Initial high BP/HR, later bradycardia, severe weakness, decreased DTRs, decreased bowel sounds,
constipation, polyuria, kidney stones
Q21 Hypercalcemia Take Action
A Discontinue Ca containing meds, IV normal saline, Loop diuretics, Calcitonin administration (nursing
actions: continuous cardiac monitoring, increase mobility as tolerated, high fiber foods for
constipation)
Q22 Magnesium Normal Values
A 1.3-2.1 mg/dL
Page 2 of 9
NUR 330 Exam 1 Study Guide – UPDATED
Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Section 1: Causes, Cues, Hyponatremia (Q1–Q13)
Question & Answer
Q1 Sodium normal values
A 136-145 mEq/L
Q2 Hyponatremia Causes
A Sodium loss: diuretics, bleeding, GI system, burns OR water gain: renal failure, hypotonic solution
excess, excessive water intake, kidney/heart failure, hyperglycemia
Q3 Hyponatremia Cues
A LOC decrease, seizures, coma, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weak pulse (hypovolemia), bounding
pulse (hypervolemia)
Q4 Hyponatremia Take Action
A Sodium loss: sodium containing fluids/foods, Water gain: diuretics, fluid restriction
Q5 Hypernatremia Causes
A Fluid loss: dehydration, fever, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, diarrhea OR sodium gain: kidney
failure, steroids, excessive intake of sodium
Q6 Hypernatremia Cues
A Thirst, altered LOC, agitation, lethargy to coma, twitching, abnormal contractions, decreased
contractility, abnormal BP/pulse
Q7 Hypernatremia Take Action
A Gradual correction of sodium levels, Fluid loss: IV fluids, NOT Fluid loss: D5W or diuretics, dietary
sodium restriction
Q8 Potassium Normal Values
A 3.5-5 mEq/L
Q9 Hypokalemia Causes
A Actual K+ loss: medications (diuretics, Cushing syndrome, GI losses, NGT suction), Relative K+
deficit: alkalosis, insulin administration, TPN, fluid excess
Q10 Hypokalemia Cues
A ECG changes, dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, shallow breathing, abdominal distension,
hypoactive bowel sounds, weakness, altered LOC, paresthesia
Q11 Hypokalemia Take Action
A Oral K+ supplements (slower absorption), IV K+ replacement (NEVER PUSH & MAX 10 mEq/hour),
K+ rich foods (bananas, oranges, potatoes)
Page 1 of 9
, NUR 330 Exam 1 Study Guide – UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question & Answer
Q12 Hyperkalemia Causes
A Impaired renal function, rapid K+ administration, tissue trauma, meds (ACE's, ARBs),
hypoaldosteronism, acidosis (HIGHER RISK IN ADULTS)
Q13 Hyperkalemia Cues
A ECG changes!!!!, bradycardia, twitching, numbness, tingling, flaccid paralysis, diarrhea, hyperactive
bowel sounds
Section 2: Take, Action, Causes (Q14–Q26)
Question & Answer
Q14 Hyperkalemia Take Action
A Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), loop diuretics (if renal function normal), EMERGENCY: IV
calcium gluconate, IV sodium bicarbonate, IV insulin with dextrose, dialysis
Q15 Calcium Normal Values
A 9-10.5 mg/dL
Q16 Hypocalcemia Causes
A Hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, pancreatitis, alkalosis, multiple blood transfusion, AKI,
medications (anticonvulsants & certain diuretics)
Q17 Hypocalcemia Cues
A Trousseau sign!!!!, Chvostek sign!!!!!, tetany, ECG changes, weak pulse, hyperactive bowel sounds,
diarrhea
Q18 Hypocalcemia Take Action
A IV calcium gluconate (emergency), Ca supplements and foods, reduce stimulation, fall and SEIZURE
precautions
Q19 Hypercalcemia Causes
A Malignancy (most common cause), hyperparathyroidism, immobility, Thiazide diuretics, excessive
intake, CKD, dehydration
Q20 Hypercalcemia Cues
A Initial high BP/HR, later bradycardia, severe weakness, decreased DTRs, decreased bowel sounds,
constipation, polyuria, kidney stones
Q21 Hypercalcemia Take Action
A Discontinue Ca containing meds, IV normal saline, Loop diuretics, Calcitonin administration (nursing
actions: continuous cardiac monitoring, increase mobility as tolerated, high fiber foods for
constipation)
Q22 Magnesium Normal Values
A 1.3-2.1 mg/dL
Page 2 of 9
