BIOD102 Final exam, Bio 2 final exam ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
study questions, PORTAGE BIO2 FINAL ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Silent Substitution ||\\||\\
Occur becuase of the redundancy of the genetic code
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Point Mutation ||\\||\\
Occur when a single nucleotide is changed within a
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
gene
Frameshift Mutation ||\\||\\
Can have three different outcomes arising from the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
alteration of the triplet-codon reading frame. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Insertion Mutation ||\\||\\
Occurs from the gain of nucleotides within a gene
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Endocrine Signaling ||\\||\\
Long-term signaling that regulates blood pressure, ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
blood volume and energy metabolism.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
,Autocrine Signaling ||\\||\\
Local signaling where the ligand is not transported
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
trough the blood but instead diffuses across a short ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
distance.
Synaptic Signaling ||\\||\\
Local signaling where the ligand diffuses across a
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
synapse
Pheromone Signaling ||\\||\\
Ligands are released into the external environment ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
to mark territory or attract mates.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Falling Phase ||\\||\\
K+ ions flow out of the cell, making the cell more
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
negative
Depolarization
Na+ ions flow out of the cell,
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Rising Phase ||\\||\\
Positive feedback causes opening of more Na+ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
channels
,What is homeostasis ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
The tendency to maintain an equilibrium or set point,
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
among interdependent physiological processes
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
despite environmental changes. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Absorption
The process of a drug moving from its site of
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
administration to the target area, crossing one or ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
more body membranes ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Active Surveillance ||\\||\\
Health officers or other public health officials
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
execute procedures to gather pertinent health data. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Advantage - greater level of accuracy. Disadvantage - ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
more man power, more expensive.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Passive Surveillance ||\\||\\
Techniques in which data reporting is mandated or ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
requested. Existing data is identified , counted and ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
reported. Advantage - easy and inexpensive. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Disadvantage - providers may not submit detailed ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
reports.
, Which sequence immediately stops transcription ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Polyadenylation Sequence ||\\||\\
Excitatory neurotransmitters ____ the electrical ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
threshold by increasing electrical excitability of ____ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cells, allowing action potentials to be propagated
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
more quickly. ||\\||\\
Decrease, post-synaptic ||\\||\\
What are the two main ways neurotransmitters are
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cleared from the synapse? ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Inactivating enzymes and reuptake via ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
neurotransmitter transport channels. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Chemoreceptors
Restore homeostasis through negative feedback, but ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
they do not communicate with the hypothalamus as
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
they are reflexive.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Post-Marketing Phase ||\\||\\
Phase of drug development process covers expansive
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
groups of people with diverse medical backgrounds
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
study questions, PORTAGE BIO2 FINAL ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Silent Substitution ||\\||\\
Occur becuase of the redundancy of the genetic code
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Point Mutation ||\\||\\
Occur when a single nucleotide is changed within a
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
gene
Frameshift Mutation ||\\||\\
Can have three different outcomes arising from the
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
alteration of the triplet-codon reading frame. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Insertion Mutation ||\\||\\
Occurs from the gain of nucleotides within a gene
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Endocrine Signaling ||\\||\\
Long-term signaling that regulates blood pressure, ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
blood volume and energy metabolism.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
,Autocrine Signaling ||\\||\\
Local signaling where the ligand is not transported
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
trough the blood but instead diffuses across a short ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
distance.
Synaptic Signaling ||\\||\\
Local signaling where the ligand diffuses across a
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
synapse
Pheromone Signaling ||\\||\\
Ligands are released into the external environment ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
to mark territory or attract mates.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Falling Phase ||\\||\\
K+ ions flow out of the cell, making the cell more
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
negative
Depolarization
Na+ ions flow out of the cell,
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Rising Phase ||\\||\\
Positive feedback causes opening of more Na+ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
channels
,What is homeostasis ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
The tendency to maintain an equilibrium or set point,
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
among interdependent physiological processes
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
despite environmental changes. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Absorption
The process of a drug moving from its site of
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
administration to the target area, crossing one or ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
more body membranes ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Active Surveillance ||\\||\\
Health officers or other public health officials
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
execute procedures to gather pertinent health data. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Advantage - greater level of accuracy. Disadvantage - ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
more man power, more expensive.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Passive Surveillance ||\\||\\
Techniques in which data reporting is mandated or ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
requested. Existing data is identified , counted and ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
reported. Advantage - easy and inexpensive. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Disadvantage - providers may not submit detailed ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
reports.
, Which sequence immediately stops transcription ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Polyadenylation Sequence ||\\||\\
Excitatory neurotransmitters ____ the electrical ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
threshold by increasing electrical excitability of ____ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cells, allowing action potentials to be propagated
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
more quickly. ||\\||\\
Decrease, post-synaptic ||\\||\\
What are the two main ways neurotransmitters are
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
cleared from the synapse? ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Inactivating enzymes and reuptake via ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
neurotransmitter transport channels. ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Chemoreceptors
Restore homeostasis through negative feedback, but ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
they do not communicate with the hypothalamus as
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
they are reflexive.
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
Post-Marketing Phase ||\\||\\
Phase of drug development process covers expansive
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
groups of people with diverse medical backgrounds
||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\ ||\\||\\
