KIN 4513 -Test 1 -Questions and All
Correct Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
What are the four waves of facility construction that created the 8 stages? - Answer 1.
Temporary Homes (Stages 1-4, Pre 1903)
2. Jewel Box (Stages 5-6, 1903-1952)
3. Cookie Cutter (Stage 7, 1953-1991)
4. Where we are today (Stage 8, 1992-present)
What are the 3 main sources of change in facilities? - Answer 1. Changes in technology and
population greatly impact professional sport facilities
2. Sport matures as a business reflected in each stage
3. Changing spectator preferences
Stage 1 (Temporary) - Answer - No rules
- Unlimited territory
- Cannot distinguish participants from spectators
- Lack of organization or preparation for contests
- "How did you play games when you were little? Invent games and playing space, backyard,
street, and no standardized territory"
Stage 2 (Temporary) - Answer - Random nature of equipment and fellowship prevented
regular play
- There are now foul territories in New York (Knickerbockers)
- There are standardized territories that did not exist in Stage 1
- There are still no stands or fancy equipment
- Harvard version of football
What is the watermark facility in Stage 2? - Answer Elysian Field (Hoboken, NJ)
Stage 3 (Temporary and First Enclosure) - Answer - Enclosure movement to regulate and
control crowds who wanted to watch
- This enclosure led to small business entrepreneurs beginning to own sport teams and selling
tickets
- The facilities now had stands
- Small, simple, and cheaply built
, - This stage prompted full professional teams and eventually leagues
What is the watermark facility in Stage 3? - Answer Union Grounds (Brooklyn, NY)
Stage 4 (Temporary/Semi-Permanent Enclosed) - Answer - Special structures that only hosted
activities in which individuals paid to see others play/perform
- Larger and more complex wood facilities
- No seats in outfields or restrooms in stages 1-4
- Still wood facilities
- Manual scoreboards, clubhouses, betting areas, ladies sections, grandstand seating, and luxury
accommodations
- TECHNOLOGY: steel framing, elevators, electric lights, central heating, telephones, subways,
and internal combustion engine all developed to help transform buildings
- Double deck stands
What is the watermark facility in Stage 4? - Answer Palace of Fans (double deck seating)
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
Stage 5 (Jewel Box, Permanent Single-Purpose) - Answer - First permanent facilities
- No two facilities look alike/unsymmetrical because of technological innovations
- Reinforced concrete and structural steel
- Locations outside of towns but close enough to public transportation lines
- Maximize seats where action takes place
- Lack of amenities such as restrooms and concessions
- Vertical circulation (ramps, stairs, escalators, and elevators)
- Buildings are beginning to follow aesthetic of rest of city
What is the watermark facility in Stage 5? - Answer Harvard Stadium (U-Shaped, first steel
facility) (Cambridge, MA)
Stage 6 (Jewel Box, Permanent-Expansion) - Answer - Massive seating capacity expansion
- Creation of spectacle
- People were unhappy with lack of parking and concourse space
- Stands expand to outfield, lights are added, locations change to independent areas, and
advertisement signs are added
- The physical footprint/size does NOT change from Stage 5 to Stage 6
Correct Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
What are the four waves of facility construction that created the 8 stages? - Answer 1.
Temporary Homes (Stages 1-4, Pre 1903)
2. Jewel Box (Stages 5-6, 1903-1952)
3. Cookie Cutter (Stage 7, 1953-1991)
4. Where we are today (Stage 8, 1992-present)
What are the 3 main sources of change in facilities? - Answer 1. Changes in technology and
population greatly impact professional sport facilities
2. Sport matures as a business reflected in each stage
3. Changing spectator preferences
Stage 1 (Temporary) - Answer - No rules
- Unlimited territory
- Cannot distinguish participants from spectators
- Lack of organization or preparation for contests
- "How did you play games when you were little? Invent games and playing space, backyard,
street, and no standardized territory"
Stage 2 (Temporary) - Answer - Random nature of equipment and fellowship prevented
regular play
- There are now foul territories in New York (Knickerbockers)
- There are standardized territories that did not exist in Stage 1
- There are still no stands or fancy equipment
- Harvard version of football
What is the watermark facility in Stage 2? - Answer Elysian Field (Hoboken, NJ)
Stage 3 (Temporary and First Enclosure) - Answer - Enclosure movement to regulate and
control crowds who wanted to watch
- This enclosure led to small business entrepreneurs beginning to own sport teams and selling
tickets
- The facilities now had stands
- Small, simple, and cheaply built
, - This stage prompted full professional teams and eventually leagues
What is the watermark facility in Stage 3? - Answer Union Grounds (Brooklyn, NY)
Stage 4 (Temporary/Semi-Permanent Enclosed) - Answer - Special structures that only hosted
activities in which individuals paid to see others play/perform
- Larger and more complex wood facilities
- No seats in outfields or restrooms in stages 1-4
- Still wood facilities
- Manual scoreboards, clubhouses, betting areas, ladies sections, grandstand seating, and luxury
accommodations
- TECHNOLOGY: steel framing, elevators, electric lights, central heating, telephones, subways,
and internal combustion engine all developed to help transform buildings
- Double deck stands
What is the watermark facility in Stage 4? - Answer Palace of Fans (double deck seating)
(Cincinnati, Ohio)
Stage 5 (Jewel Box, Permanent Single-Purpose) - Answer - First permanent facilities
- No two facilities look alike/unsymmetrical because of technological innovations
- Reinforced concrete and structural steel
- Locations outside of towns but close enough to public transportation lines
- Maximize seats where action takes place
- Lack of amenities such as restrooms and concessions
- Vertical circulation (ramps, stairs, escalators, and elevators)
- Buildings are beginning to follow aesthetic of rest of city
What is the watermark facility in Stage 5? - Answer Harvard Stadium (U-Shaped, first steel
facility) (Cambridge, MA)
Stage 6 (Jewel Box, Permanent-Expansion) - Answer - Massive seating capacity expansion
- Creation of spectacle
- People were unhappy with lack of parking and concourse space
- Stands expand to outfield, lights are added, locations change to independent areas, and
advertisement signs are added
- The physical footprint/size does NOT change from Stage 5 to Stage 6
