NUR 207 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
pathophysiology - Correct answer✅✅ The study of changes in normal anatomy and physiology
associated with disease or injury
health - Correct answer✅✅ the absence of a disease
disease - Correct answer✅✅ when the body is no longer functioning normally
what is homeostasis? - Correct answer✅✅ maintaining stability
why is it important? - Correct answer✅✅ impairs function when off which can lead to diseases
2 Feedback systems - Correct answer✅✅ Negative and positive
negative feedback system - Correct answer✅✅ most common, maintains deficit
resist change (ex. increase temperature to kill bacteria in the body)
positive feedback system - Correct answer✅✅ moves body away from homeostasis
no resisting (ex. child birth, sneezing)
etiology - Correct answer✅✅ the study of what causes diseases
idiopathic - Correct answer✅✅ unknown origin
,iatrogenic - Correct answer✅✅ effect from medical treatment
predisposing factors - Correct answer✅✅ was this person at risk for developing this disease
pathogenesis - Correct answer✅✅ how the disease develops (focusing on how it develops in a person)
-self-limiting (stay with the person for weeks) vs. chronic (rest of life)
-reversible damage (repair itself) vs. irreparable damage (stay damaged)
compensatory mechanisms - Correct answer✅✅ things in the body that try to limit the amount of
damage in the body by taking control of whatever is going on in the body
disease onset - Correct answer✅✅ acute - happens suddenly
insidious - very gradual, slow
disease duration - Correct answer✅✅ acute - short
chronic - long term, could mean rest of life
diagnosis - Correct answer✅✅ identification of what the disease is
manifestations - Correct answer✅✅ effects and evidence of the disease
signs - Correct answer✅✅ what you see
symptoms - Correct answer✅✅ something that is described but you might not see it
syndrome - Correct answer✅✅ group of signs and symptoms that occur together
remission - Correct answer✅✅ when the manifestations subside (non completely gone)
,exacerbation - Correct answer✅✅ when the manifestations of a disease increase
treatment - Correct answer✅✅ what can be done to alleviate or stop the manifestations
prevention - Correct answer✅✅ what you can do to lessen the probability of a disease
prognosis - Correct answer✅✅ the likelihood of making a full recovery
poor prognosis = high mortality
mortality - Correct answer✅✅ the death rate from a disease
complications - Correct answer✅✅ new problems because of the disease
epidemiology - Correct answer✅✅ analyzing the patterns of disease
morbidity - Correct answer✅✅ looking at the diseases rate within a group of people
epidemic - Correct answer✅✅ increasing number of people have a certain disease within a specific
group
pandemic - Correct answer✅✅ where the epidemic has expanded to the larger population
atrophy - Correct answer✅✅ decreased cell size and number
-not being used enough so the cell shrinks
hypertrophy - Correct answer✅✅ increased cell size
, -being over used
-good:
-bad:
hyperplasia - Correct answer✅✅ increased cell number
-can be epithelial cell
-ex. wound healing, menstruation
metaplasia - Correct answer✅✅ conversion of one cell type to another
-often caused when there is chronic irritation of inflammation
-ex. chain smoker
dysplasia - Correct answer✅✅ disorderly growth
-considered to be precancerous cells
-common in respiratory tract and reproduction site
cell injury - Correct answer✅✅ -most diseases start with cell injury
-can be reversible to a point
-resistance vs. tolerance -- influence the ability of a cell to survive
causes of cell injury - Correct answer✅✅ -physical agents
-radiation
-chemicals (medication, drugs)
-biological agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites)
-nutritional imbalances
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
pathophysiology - Correct answer✅✅ The study of changes in normal anatomy and physiology
associated with disease or injury
health - Correct answer✅✅ the absence of a disease
disease - Correct answer✅✅ when the body is no longer functioning normally
what is homeostasis? - Correct answer✅✅ maintaining stability
why is it important? - Correct answer✅✅ impairs function when off which can lead to diseases
2 Feedback systems - Correct answer✅✅ Negative and positive
negative feedback system - Correct answer✅✅ most common, maintains deficit
resist change (ex. increase temperature to kill bacteria in the body)
positive feedback system - Correct answer✅✅ moves body away from homeostasis
no resisting (ex. child birth, sneezing)
etiology - Correct answer✅✅ the study of what causes diseases
idiopathic - Correct answer✅✅ unknown origin
,iatrogenic - Correct answer✅✅ effect from medical treatment
predisposing factors - Correct answer✅✅ was this person at risk for developing this disease
pathogenesis - Correct answer✅✅ how the disease develops (focusing on how it develops in a person)
-self-limiting (stay with the person for weeks) vs. chronic (rest of life)
-reversible damage (repair itself) vs. irreparable damage (stay damaged)
compensatory mechanisms - Correct answer✅✅ things in the body that try to limit the amount of
damage in the body by taking control of whatever is going on in the body
disease onset - Correct answer✅✅ acute - happens suddenly
insidious - very gradual, slow
disease duration - Correct answer✅✅ acute - short
chronic - long term, could mean rest of life
diagnosis - Correct answer✅✅ identification of what the disease is
manifestations - Correct answer✅✅ effects and evidence of the disease
signs - Correct answer✅✅ what you see
symptoms - Correct answer✅✅ something that is described but you might not see it
syndrome - Correct answer✅✅ group of signs and symptoms that occur together
remission - Correct answer✅✅ when the manifestations subside (non completely gone)
,exacerbation - Correct answer✅✅ when the manifestations of a disease increase
treatment - Correct answer✅✅ what can be done to alleviate or stop the manifestations
prevention - Correct answer✅✅ what you can do to lessen the probability of a disease
prognosis - Correct answer✅✅ the likelihood of making a full recovery
poor prognosis = high mortality
mortality - Correct answer✅✅ the death rate from a disease
complications - Correct answer✅✅ new problems because of the disease
epidemiology - Correct answer✅✅ analyzing the patterns of disease
morbidity - Correct answer✅✅ looking at the diseases rate within a group of people
epidemic - Correct answer✅✅ increasing number of people have a certain disease within a specific
group
pandemic - Correct answer✅✅ where the epidemic has expanded to the larger population
atrophy - Correct answer✅✅ decreased cell size and number
-not being used enough so the cell shrinks
hypertrophy - Correct answer✅✅ increased cell size
, -being over used
-good:
-bad:
hyperplasia - Correct answer✅✅ increased cell number
-can be epithelial cell
-ex. wound healing, menstruation
metaplasia - Correct answer✅✅ conversion of one cell type to another
-often caused when there is chronic irritation of inflammation
-ex. chain smoker
dysplasia - Correct answer✅✅ disorderly growth
-considered to be precancerous cells
-common in respiratory tract and reproduction site
cell injury - Correct answer✅✅ -most diseases start with cell injury
-can be reversible to a point
-resistance vs. tolerance -- influence the ability of a cell to survive
causes of cell injury - Correct answer✅✅ -physical agents
-radiation
-chemicals (medication, drugs)
-biological agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites)
-nutritional imbalances
