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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics
Section 1: Introductory Concepts and Definitions (Questions 1–20)
1. Which of the following is an intensive property of a thermodynamic system?
A. Mass
B. Volume
C. Pressure
D. Total energy
Rationale: C. Intensive properties are independent of the size or extent of the
system. Pressure, temperature, and density are intensive properties, while mass,
volume, and total energy are extensive.
2. A system that exchanges both energy and mass with its surroundings is called
a:
A. Closed system
B. Isolated system
C. Open system
D. Adiabatic system
Rationale: C. An open system (control volume) exchanges both energy and mass
with its surroundings. A closed system exchanges only energy, and an isolated
system exchanges neither.
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3. The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by how
many independent intensive properties?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Rationale: B. For a simple compressible system, two independent intensive
properties are required to fix the state. The state principle states that the
number of independent properties is equal to the number of relevant work
interactions plus one.
4. Which temperature scale uses absolute zero as its zero point?
A. Celsius
B. Fahrenheit
C. Kelvin
D. Rankine
Rationale: C. The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale that begins at
absolute zero (0 K), where molecular motion theoretically ceases.
5. What is the standard unit of force in the SI system?
A. Pound-force (lbf)
B. Newton (N)
C. Dyne
D. Slug
Rationale: B. The Newton (N) is the SI unit of force, defined as the force required
to accelerate a 1-kg mass at 1 m/s².
6. A process during which the temperature remains constant is called:
A. Isobaric
B. Isochoric
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C. Isothermal
D. Adiabatic
Rationale: C. An isothermal process occurs at constant temperature. Isobaric is
constant pressure, isochoric is constant volume, and adiabatic means no heat
transfer.
7. In a thermodynamic cycle, the net change in any property over the cycle is:
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Zero
D. Dependent on the path
Rationale: C. Since a cycle returns the system to its initial state, the net change
in any state property is zero.
8. Which of the following is an extensive property?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Total volume
D. Density
Rationale: C. Extensive properties depend on the size of the system. Total
volume, mass, and total energy are extensive properties.
9. A quasi-equilibrium process is one in which:
A. The system is far from equilibrium
B. The system passes through a series of equilibrium states
C. The process is irreversible
D. No work is done
Rationale: B. A quasi-equilibrium (quasi-static) process proceeds slowly enough
that the system remains infinitesimally close to equilibrium at all times, allowing
the process to be plotted as a continuous path on property diagrams.
10. What is the value of standard atmospheric pressure in kPa?
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A. 14.7 kPa
B. 101.325 kPa
C. 760 kPa
D. 1,000 kPa
Rationale: B. Standard atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa (1 atm), equivalent
to 14.7 psi or 760 mmHg.
11. Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?
A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Heat
D. Specific volume
Rationale: C. Heat is energy in transit and is not a property of a system.
Properties are state functions that depend only on the state of the system.
12. The specific volume of a substance is defined as:
A. Mass per unit volume
B. Volume per unit mass
C. Volume per unit mole
D. Mass per unit mole
Rationale: B. Specific volume (v) is the volume per unit mass (v = V/m). Its
reciprocal is density.
13. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A. Atmosphere (atm)
B. Bar
C. Pascal (Pa)
D. Torr
Rationale: C. The Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure, defined as one Newton
per square meter (N/m²).
14. A system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when:
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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics
Section 1: Introductory Concepts and Definitions (Questions 1–20)
1. Which of the following is an intensive property of a thermodynamic system?
A. Mass
B. Volume
C. Pressure
D. Total energy
Rationale: C. Intensive properties are independent of the size or extent of the
system. Pressure, temperature, and density are intensive properties, while mass,
volume, and total energy are extensive.
2. A system that exchanges both energy and mass with its surroundings is called
a:
A. Closed system
B. Isolated system
C. Open system
D. Adiabatic system
Rationale: C. An open system (control volume) exchanges both energy and mass
with its surroundings. A closed system exchanges only energy, and an isolated
system exchanges neither.
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3. The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by how
many independent intensive properties?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Rationale: B. For a simple compressible system, two independent intensive
properties are required to fix the state. The state principle states that the
number of independent properties is equal to the number of relevant work
interactions plus one.
4. Which temperature scale uses absolute zero as its zero point?
A. Celsius
B. Fahrenheit
C. Kelvin
D. Rankine
Rationale: C. The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale that begins at
absolute zero (0 K), where molecular motion theoretically ceases.
5. What is the standard unit of force in the SI system?
A. Pound-force (lbf)
B. Newton (N)
C. Dyne
D. Slug
Rationale: B. The Newton (N) is the SI unit of force, defined as the force required
to accelerate a 1-kg mass at 1 m/s².
6. A process during which the temperature remains constant is called:
A. Isobaric
B. Isochoric
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C. Isothermal
D. Adiabatic
Rationale: C. An isothermal process occurs at constant temperature. Isobaric is
constant pressure, isochoric is constant volume, and adiabatic means no heat
transfer.
7. In a thermodynamic cycle, the net change in any property over the cycle is:
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Zero
D. Dependent on the path
Rationale: C. Since a cycle returns the system to its initial state, the net change
in any state property is zero.
8. Which of the following is an extensive property?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure
C. Total volume
D. Density
Rationale: C. Extensive properties depend on the size of the system. Total
volume, mass, and total energy are extensive properties.
9. A quasi-equilibrium process is one in which:
A. The system is far from equilibrium
B. The system passes through a series of equilibrium states
C. The process is irreversible
D. No work is done
Rationale: B. A quasi-equilibrium (quasi-static) process proceeds slowly enough
that the system remains infinitesimally close to equilibrium at all times, allowing
the process to be plotted as a continuous path on property diagrams.
10. What is the value of standard atmospheric pressure in kPa?
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A. 14.7 kPa
B. 101.325 kPa
C. 760 kPa
D. 1,000 kPa
Rationale: B. Standard atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa (1 atm), equivalent
to 14.7 psi or 760 mmHg.
11. Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?
A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Heat
D. Specific volume
Rationale: C. Heat is energy in transit and is not a property of a system.
Properties are state functions that depend only on the state of the system.
12. The specific volume of a substance is defined as:
A. Mass per unit volume
B. Volume per unit mass
C. Volume per unit mole
D. Mass per unit mole
Rationale: B. Specific volume (v) is the volume per unit mass (v = V/m). Its
reciprocal is density.
13. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A. Atmosphere (atm)
B. Bar
C. Pascal (Pa)
D. Torr
Rationale: C. The Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure, defined as one Newton
per square meter (N/m²).
14. A system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when:
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