AQA GCSE Biology Exam Questions and
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationale 2027 Q&A| Instant Download
1. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
A. Cell membrane
B. Permanent vacuole
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosome
Rationale: Plant cells contain a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap,
which helps keep the cell rigid. Animal cells have a cell membrane,
cytoplasm and ribosomes, but not a permanent vacuole.
2. What is the function of mitochondria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Photosynthesis
,C. Aerobic respiration
D. Storage of starch
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, releasing
energy from glucose. Ribosomes make proteins, chloroplasts carry out
photosynthesis, and starch is stored in other cell structures.
3. Which part of a bacterial cell contains genetic material?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Single loop of DNA
D. Chloroplast
Rationale: Bacteria are prokaryotes, so they do not have a nucleus.
Their genetic material is usually a single loop of DNA, sometimes with
additional plasmids.
4. What is the function of a ribosome?
A. Respiration
B. Protein synthesis
C. Cell division
D. Photosynthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where amino
acids are joined to form proteins according to instructions from DNA.
, 5. Which process produces two genetically identical cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Fertilisation
D. Differentiation
Rationale: Mitosis produces two daughter cells with the same number
and type of chromosomes as the parent cell, making them genetically
identical. Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome
number.
6. What is the diploid chromosome number in human body cells?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 48
D. 92
Rationale: Human body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, giving
a diploid number of 46. Gametes contain 23 chromosomes.
7. Which term describes a stem cell becoming a specialised cell?
A. Mitosis
B. Osmosis
, C. Differentiation
D. Fertilisation
Rationale: Differentiation is the process by which an unspecialised
stem cell develops structures and functions suited to a particular role,
such as a red blood cell or nerve cell.
8. Where does meiosis occur in humans?
A. Brain cells
B. Muscle cells
C. Reproductive organs
D. Red blood cells
Rationale: Meiosis occurs in the testes and ovaries, producing haploid
gametes—sperm and egg cells—with half the normal chromosome
number.
9. Which transport process moves water from a dilute solution to a
concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Evaporation
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationale 2027 Q&A| Instant Download
1. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
A. Cell membrane
B. Permanent vacuole
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosome
Rationale: Plant cells contain a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap,
which helps keep the cell rigid. Animal cells have a cell membrane,
cytoplasm and ribosomes, but not a permanent vacuole.
2. What is the function of mitochondria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Photosynthesis
,C. Aerobic respiration
D. Storage of starch
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, releasing
energy from glucose. Ribosomes make proteins, chloroplasts carry out
photosynthesis, and starch is stored in other cell structures.
3. Which part of a bacterial cell contains genetic material?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Single loop of DNA
D. Chloroplast
Rationale: Bacteria are prokaryotes, so they do not have a nucleus.
Their genetic material is usually a single loop of DNA, sometimes with
additional plasmids.
4. What is the function of a ribosome?
A. Respiration
B. Protein synthesis
C. Cell division
D. Photosynthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where amino
acids are joined to form proteins according to instructions from DNA.
, 5. Which process produces two genetically identical cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Fertilisation
D. Differentiation
Rationale: Mitosis produces two daughter cells with the same number
and type of chromosomes as the parent cell, making them genetically
identical. Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome
number.
6. What is the diploid chromosome number in human body cells?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 48
D. 92
Rationale: Human body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, giving
a diploid number of 46. Gametes contain 23 chromosomes.
7. Which term describes a stem cell becoming a specialised cell?
A. Mitosis
B. Osmosis
, C. Differentiation
D. Fertilisation
Rationale: Differentiation is the process by which an unspecialised
stem cell develops structures and functions suited to a particular role,
such as a red blood cell or nerve cell.
8. Where does meiosis occur in humans?
A. Brain cells
B. Muscle cells
C. Reproductive organs
D. Red blood cells
Rationale: Meiosis occurs in the testes and ovaries, producing haploid
gametes—sperm and egg cells—with half the normal chromosome
number.
9. Which transport process moves water from a dilute solution to a
concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane?
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Evaporation
