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Osmolality -ANSWER-The concentration of all particles in a fluid.
Sodium -ANSWER-Responsible for depolarization and controls water
going in or out of cells.
Potassium -ANSWER-Responsible for re-polarization.
Calcium -ANSWER-Responsible for muscle contraction.
Magnesium -ANSWER-Also involved in muscle contraction. Be careful in
renal failure.
Phosphate -ANSWER-Decreased levels lead to decreased 2/3 DPG,
decreased ATP, and decreased oxygen to tissues. Inadequate
absorption with vitamin D deficiency.
Increased Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure -ANSWER-Heart or kidney
failure; remove the fluid.
, Decreased Plasma Oncotic Pressure -ANSWER-Hypoalbuminemia; eat
more protein.
Increased Capillary Permeability -ANSWER-Bee sting or infection;
antihistamine or treat underlying cause.
Thirst -ANSWER-Loss of 2% of your TBW.
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) -ANSWER-Activated by increased plasma
osmolality. Reabsorbs water and salt.
Osmoreceptors -ANSWER-Detects increase in osmolarity.
Baroreceptors -ANSWER-Detects increase in volume.
Renin -ANSWER-Secreted when there is a decrease in blood supply to
the kidneys.
Angiotensin II -ANSWER-Responsible for vasoconstriction.
ACE Inhibitors -ANSWER-Stop ACE converting enzyme from converting
angiotensin I to angiotensin II.