Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1 Actual Exam 2026 || Most Recent
Exam 2026|2027 Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed
Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Apoptosis -ANSWER-A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
What are 4 signs and symptoms of Hypovolemia -ANSWER-1-
tachycardia
2-weak pulse
3- dizziness
4- postural hypotension
what receptors cause us to feel thirst? how are they activated? -
ANSWER-1- osmoreceptors
2- activated by increase in osmotic pressure of the plasma
Name 3 populations vulnerable to fluid volume deficit -ANSWER-1-
infants: 75-80% total body water
2- obese: fat is water repelling (BMI >30)
3-elderly: thirst sensation is diminished
,What is oncotic pressure heavily influenced by? -ANSWER-plasma
proteins
What does low plasma albumin cause? -ANSWER-edema as a result of a
reduction in plasma oncotic pressure
What is oncotic pressure? -ANSWER-aka colloidal osmotic pressure- it is
pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in the blood vessels
plasma that tends to pull water into the circulatory system
explain how fluid moves from the intravascular space into the
interstitial space. what is it influenced by>? -ANSWER-through the
arterial end of capillaries and the capillary hydrostatic pressure being
higher than the capillary oncotic pressure. It is influenced by the cardiac
system (think about the heart getting fluids/nutrients where they need
to go)
What are natriuretic peptides? -ANSWER-hormones
name 3 natriuretic peptides and what they produce by/ associated with
-ANSWER-1- Artial natriuetric peptide (ANP) produced by the
myocardia atria
2- brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) produced by the myocardia ventricles
3- Urodilation within the kidney
, what 2 things do natriuretic peptides affect? -ANSWER-decrease BP and
increase sodium and water excretion
what are natriuretic peptides an antagonist of? -ANSWER-the RAAS
system (weak antagonist)
What doe RAAS stand for? -ANSWER-renin angiotension-aldosterone
system
What is renin? -ANSWER-an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular
cells of the kidney that promotes the production of the protein
angiotensin.
Explain RAAS -ANSWER-1- circulating blood volume/pressure is reduced
felt by the kidneys
2- renin is released in response to the sympathetic nerve stimulation
and decreased perfusion of the renal vasculature. Angiotension I is
converted into Angiotension II.
3- aldosterone is pumped out by the adrenal glans (main hormone
released to increase perfusion). aldosterone increased sodium and
therefore an increase in storage of water and increases BP
what causes the secretion of ADH and the feeling of thirst -ANSWER-1-
increase in the plasma osmolality (works with sodium and is released by
the posterior pituitary), conserves waters.
Exam 2026|2027 Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed
Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Apoptosis -ANSWER-A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
What are 4 signs and symptoms of Hypovolemia -ANSWER-1-
tachycardia
2-weak pulse
3- dizziness
4- postural hypotension
what receptors cause us to feel thirst? how are they activated? -
ANSWER-1- osmoreceptors
2- activated by increase in osmotic pressure of the plasma
Name 3 populations vulnerable to fluid volume deficit -ANSWER-1-
infants: 75-80% total body water
2- obese: fat is water repelling (BMI >30)
3-elderly: thirst sensation is diminished
,What is oncotic pressure heavily influenced by? -ANSWER-plasma
proteins
What does low plasma albumin cause? -ANSWER-edema as a result of a
reduction in plasma oncotic pressure
What is oncotic pressure? -ANSWER-aka colloidal osmotic pressure- it is
pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in the blood vessels
plasma that tends to pull water into the circulatory system
explain how fluid moves from the intravascular space into the
interstitial space. what is it influenced by>? -ANSWER-through the
arterial end of capillaries and the capillary hydrostatic pressure being
higher than the capillary oncotic pressure. It is influenced by the cardiac
system (think about the heart getting fluids/nutrients where they need
to go)
What are natriuretic peptides? -ANSWER-hormones
name 3 natriuretic peptides and what they produce by/ associated with
-ANSWER-1- Artial natriuetric peptide (ANP) produced by the
myocardia atria
2- brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) produced by the myocardia ventricles
3- Urodilation within the kidney
, what 2 things do natriuretic peptides affect? -ANSWER-decrease BP and
increase sodium and water excretion
what are natriuretic peptides an antagonist of? -ANSWER-the RAAS
system (weak antagonist)
What doe RAAS stand for? -ANSWER-renin angiotension-aldosterone
system
What is renin? -ANSWER-an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular
cells of the kidney that promotes the production of the protein
angiotensin.
Explain RAAS -ANSWER-1- circulating blood volume/pressure is reduced
felt by the kidneys
2- renin is released in response to the sympathetic nerve stimulation
and decreased perfusion of the renal vasculature. Angiotension I is
converted into Angiotension II.
3- aldosterone is pumped out by the adrenal glans (main hormone
released to increase perfusion). aldosterone increased sodium and
therefore an increase in storage of water and increases BP
what causes the secretion of ADH and the feeling of thirst -ANSWER-1-
increase in the plasma osmolality (works with sodium and is released by
the posterior pituitary), conserves waters.
