Gerontological Nursing - 2026 Fall Prevention & Frailty: Exam 3
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Social determinants affecting older adults' fall risk include:
A. Eye color
B. Housing quality, income, transportation and social support
C. Birth order
D. Blood type
Correct Answer: B. Housing quality, income, transportation and social support
Rationale: Unsafe housing and isolation increase risk. Community resources can help.
2. Immobility in older adults leads quickly to:
A. Improved strength
B. Better sleep
C. Muscle loss, deconditioning and increased fall risk
D. Lower fall risk
Correct Answer: C. Muscle loss, deconditioning and increased fall risk
Rationale: Older adults can lose significant strength during brief bed rest. Mobility should be
maintained.
3. Reduced muscle strength in older adults is most pronounced in the:
A. Lower extremities, affecting gait and rising from a chair
B. Fingers only
C. Face
D. Neck only
Correct Answer: A. Lower extremities, affecting gait and rising from a chair
Rationale: Leg weakness strongly predicts falls. Strength training improves it.
,4. Health literacy considerations for older adults include:
A. Medical jargon
B. Using plain language, teach-back and large print materials
C. Small print handouts
D. Speaking quickly
Correct Answer: B. Using plain language, teach-back and large print materials
Rationale: Many older adults have limited health literacy or sensory deficits. Teach-back
confirms understanding.
5. Age-related changes in the vestibular system can cause:
A. Improved balance
B. Impaired balance and dizziness
C. Hearing improvement
D. Faster reaction time
Correct Answer: B. Impaired balance and dizziness
Rationale: Vestibular decline contributes to unsteadiness. Vestibular rehabilitation can help.
6. Functional ability, in WHO terms, is determined by:
A. Genetics only
B. Age only
C. Intrinsic capacity, the environment and their interaction
D. Income only
Correct Answer: C. Intrinsic capacity, the environment and their interaction
Rationale: Environmental supports can maintain function despite declines. Home modifications
are an example.
,7. Communication with an older adult with hearing loss should include:
A. Facing the person, speaking clearly at a lower pitch and reducing background noise
B. Shouting
C. Speaking from behind
D. Exaggerated lip movements
Correct Answer: A. Facing the person, speaking clearly at a lower pitch and reducing
background noise
Rationale: High-frequency loss makes lower pitches easier to hear. Shouting distorts sound.
8. Activity theory of aging proposes that:
A. Withdrawal is natural and desirable
B. Aging is caused by free radicals
C. Remaining active and engaged promotes life satisfaction
D. Personality changes with age
Correct Answer: C. Remaining active and engaged promotes life satisfaction
Rationale: Disengagement theory proposes mutual withdrawal. Activity supports function.
9. Continence assessment in older adults should include:
A. Type of incontinence, frequency, triggers and impact on activities
B. Only pad count
C. Only urinalysis
D. Nothing
Correct Answer: A. Type of incontinence, frequency, triggers and impact on activities
Rationale: Urge incontinence with nighttime rushing increases falls. Treatment improves safety.
, 10. The "5Ms" of geriatrics are:
A. Money, Meals, Mood, Muscles and Memory
B. Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity and Matters Most
C. Mobility, Meals, Medicine, Mood and Marriage
D. Mind, Money, Mobility, Meals and Medicine
Correct Answer: B. Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity and Matters Most
Rationale: The 5Ms organize geriatric care. Matters Most centers patient goals.
11. Driving safety assessment in older adults considers:
A. Age alone
B. Vision, cognition, reaction time, medications and recent crashes or near misses
C. Income
D. Car type
Correct Answer: B. Vision, cognition, reaction time, medications and recent crashes or near
misses
Rationale: Age alone does not determine driving ability. Specialists can evaluate.
12. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is useful because it:
A. Detects mild cognitive impairment, including executive dysfunction
B. Diagnoses delirium
C. Measures mood
D. Measures balance
Correct Answer: A. Detects mild cognitive impairment, including executive dysfunction
Rationale: A score below 26 suggests impairment. Executive deficits are linked to falls.
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Social determinants affecting older adults' fall risk include:
A. Eye color
B. Housing quality, income, transportation and social support
C. Birth order
D. Blood type
Correct Answer: B. Housing quality, income, transportation and social support
Rationale: Unsafe housing and isolation increase risk. Community resources can help.
2. Immobility in older adults leads quickly to:
A. Improved strength
B. Better sleep
C. Muscle loss, deconditioning and increased fall risk
D. Lower fall risk
Correct Answer: C. Muscle loss, deconditioning and increased fall risk
Rationale: Older adults can lose significant strength during brief bed rest. Mobility should be
maintained.
3. Reduced muscle strength in older adults is most pronounced in the:
A. Lower extremities, affecting gait and rising from a chair
B. Fingers only
C. Face
D. Neck only
Correct Answer: A. Lower extremities, affecting gait and rising from a chair
Rationale: Leg weakness strongly predicts falls. Strength training improves it.
,4. Health literacy considerations for older adults include:
A. Medical jargon
B. Using plain language, teach-back and large print materials
C. Small print handouts
D. Speaking quickly
Correct Answer: B. Using plain language, teach-back and large print materials
Rationale: Many older adults have limited health literacy or sensory deficits. Teach-back
confirms understanding.
5. Age-related changes in the vestibular system can cause:
A. Improved balance
B. Impaired balance and dizziness
C. Hearing improvement
D. Faster reaction time
Correct Answer: B. Impaired balance and dizziness
Rationale: Vestibular decline contributes to unsteadiness. Vestibular rehabilitation can help.
6. Functional ability, in WHO terms, is determined by:
A. Genetics only
B. Age only
C. Intrinsic capacity, the environment and their interaction
D. Income only
Correct Answer: C. Intrinsic capacity, the environment and their interaction
Rationale: Environmental supports can maintain function despite declines. Home modifications
are an example.
,7. Communication with an older adult with hearing loss should include:
A. Facing the person, speaking clearly at a lower pitch and reducing background noise
B. Shouting
C. Speaking from behind
D. Exaggerated lip movements
Correct Answer: A. Facing the person, speaking clearly at a lower pitch and reducing
background noise
Rationale: High-frequency loss makes lower pitches easier to hear. Shouting distorts sound.
8. Activity theory of aging proposes that:
A. Withdrawal is natural and desirable
B. Aging is caused by free radicals
C. Remaining active and engaged promotes life satisfaction
D. Personality changes with age
Correct Answer: C. Remaining active and engaged promotes life satisfaction
Rationale: Disengagement theory proposes mutual withdrawal. Activity supports function.
9. Continence assessment in older adults should include:
A. Type of incontinence, frequency, triggers and impact on activities
B. Only pad count
C. Only urinalysis
D. Nothing
Correct Answer: A. Type of incontinence, frequency, triggers and impact on activities
Rationale: Urge incontinence with nighttime rushing increases falls. Treatment improves safety.
, 10. The "5Ms" of geriatrics are:
A. Money, Meals, Mood, Muscles and Memory
B. Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity and Matters Most
C. Mobility, Meals, Medicine, Mood and Marriage
D. Mind, Money, Mobility, Meals and Medicine
Correct Answer: B. Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity and Matters Most
Rationale: The 5Ms organize geriatric care. Matters Most centers patient goals.
11. Driving safety assessment in older adults considers:
A. Age alone
B. Vision, cognition, reaction time, medications and recent crashes or near misses
C. Income
D. Car type
Correct Answer: B. Vision, cognition, reaction time, medications and recent crashes or near
misses
Rationale: Age alone does not determine driving ability. Specialists can evaluate.
12. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is useful because it:
A. Detects mild cognitive impairment, including executive dysfunction
B. Diagnoses delirium
C. Measures mood
D. Measures balance
Correct Answer: A. Detects mild cognitive impairment, including executive dysfunction
Rationale: A score below 26 suggests impairment. Executive deficits are linked to falls.
