Data Ethics Exam All Questions
Answered Correctly 2026/2027 Set.
Why might people act in ways that violate their principles? - Answer - Motivated Reasoning,
seeking a specific outcome and convenient facts to support that
-Social Pressure (Obedience, Milgram experiment; Samaritan, Darley and Batson good
samaritan parable: hurriedness)
Four ethical principles - Answer -Utility (actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of
a majority)
-Universalizability (Kant, moral test: any proposed action is also adopted by everyone else)
-Character
-Relationships
Codes of Ethics - Answer Can be written positively or negatively:
i.e. in a manor like "Respect autonomy... do x-thing" OR "Don't do x-thing"
Reading--
Moor: Why we need better ethics for emerging technologies - Answer **Thesis: Technology
revolutions develop over time. Hard to predict but we have an idea of how they do. As
technologies increase, so do their social impact.
3 stages of Technology Revolutions:
1) Introduction
2) Permeation
3) Power
**Thesis 2: We are confronted with policy vacuums, or situations in which we do not have
adequate policies in place to guide us --> therefore, must formulate and justify new policies for
acting in these new kinds of situations
Reading--
Moor, Introduction stage - Answer Devices: esoteric, often regarded as intellectual curiosities
Users: Few
Cost/Use: High
Integration into society: Low
, Social Impact: Low
Reading--
Moor, Permeation stage - Answer Devices: standardized
Users: Select
Cost/Use: Medium
Integration into society: Moderate
Social Impact: Noticeable
Reading--
Moor, Power stage - Answer Devices: leveraged
Users: Many, readily available
Cost/Use: Low (bc economies of scale)
Integration into society: Major
Social Impact: Significant
History of Computing - Answer concepts from mathematics and theoretical analysis of
computing suggested that machines could be used for calculation
WWII: calculating ballistic trajectories
Moor's Three Stages in our History - Answer Introduction, 50s and 60s- Computers in open
environment, mainframes used by elite institutions (banks, government)
Permeation, 70s and 80s - Schools and offices had PCs maybe, computer literacy projects
Power, 2000s - Most US homes had a computers, business computer literacy, lower cost of
computing
Moor's Law - Answer As technological revolutions increase their social impact, ethical
problems increase.
i.e. we can track the development of a tech revolution through number of ethical issues AND
novel and emergent opportunities
**Thesis 1: *suggests that there's a NEW branch of ethics addressing generation, recording,
curation, processing, dissemination, sharing, and use
**Thesis 2*: Tension to maximize the ethical value of data... torn between Social Rejection
(pressure from outside) AND Legal Prohibition (don't want to completely reject data collection)
Answered Correctly 2026/2027 Set.
Why might people act in ways that violate their principles? - Answer - Motivated Reasoning,
seeking a specific outcome and convenient facts to support that
-Social Pressure (Obedience, Milgram experiment; Samaritan, Darley and Batson good
samaritan parable: hurriedness)
Four ethical principles - Answer -Utility (actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of
a majority)
-Universalizability (Kant, moral test: any proposed action is also adopted by everyone else)
-Character
-Relationships
Codes of Ethics - Answer Can be written positively or negatively:
i.e. in a manor like "Respect autonomy... do x-thing" OR "Don't do x-thing"
Reading--
Moor: Why we need better ethics for emerging technologies - Answer **Thesis: Technology
revolutions develop over time. Hard to predict but we have an idea of how they do. As
technologies increase, so do their social impact.
3 stages of Technology Revolutions:
1) Introduction
2) Permeation
3) Power
**Thesis 2: We are confronted with policy vacuums, or situations in which we do not have
adequate policies in place to guide us --> therefore, must formulate and justify new policies for
acting in these new kinds of situations
Reading--
Moor, Introduction stage - Answer Devices: esoteric, often regarded as intellectual curiosities
Users: Few
Cost/Use: High
Integration into society: Low
, Social Impact: Low
Reading--
Moor, Permeation stage - Answer Devices: standardized
Users: Select
Cost/Use: Medium
Integration into society: Moderate
Social Impact: Noticeable
Reading--
Moor, Power stage - Answer Devices: leveraged
Users: Many, readily available
Cost/Use: Low (bc economies of scale)
Integration into society: Major
Social Impact: Significant
History of Computing - Answer concepts from mathematics and theoretical analysis of
computing suggested that machines could be used for calculation
WWII: calculating ballistic trajectories
Moor's Three Stages in our History - Answer Introduction, 50s and 60s- Computers in open
environment, mainframes used by elite institutions (banks, government)
Permeation, 70s and 80s - Schools and offices had PCs maybe, computer literacy projects
Power, 2000s - Most US homes had a computers, business computer literacy, lower cost of
computing
Moor's Law - Answer As technological revolutions increase their social impact, ethical
problems increase.
i.e. we can track the development of a tech revolution through number of ethical issues AND
novel and emergent opportunities
**Thesis 1: *suggests that there's a NEW branch of ethics addressing generation, recording,
curation, processing, dissemination, sharing, and use
**Thesis 2*: Tension to maximize the ethical value of data... torn between Social Rejection
(pressure from outside) AND Legal Prohibition (don't want to completely reject data collection)
