NR 507 Midterm Exam Week 4 - Question and Answers

1. What is the final stage of the infectious process? 2. Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? 3. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? 4. Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? 5. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells? 6. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? 7. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: 8. Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic? 9. Which statement concerning exotoxins is true? 10. What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? 11. How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved? 12. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? 13. Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where? 14. Causes of hyperkalemia include: 15. Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur? 16. What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia? 17. What is the life span of platelets (in days)? 18. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow,glomerular filtration, and renin secretion? 19. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? 20. The coronary ostia are located in the: 21. The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the: 22. The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes? 23. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma? 24. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction? 25. Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? 26. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome? 27. What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D? 28. Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? 29. Where are antibodies produced? 30. What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children? 31. In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a: 32. Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) in infants? 33. What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? 34. Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized? 35. Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? 36. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? 37. What is the action of urodilatin? 38. Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? 39. The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? 40. What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? 41. When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected? 42. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? 43. What effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates? 44. Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: 45. What is the first stage in the infectious process? 46. Which drug may be prescribed orally for outbreak management of herpes simplex viral (HSV) infections? 47. What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)? 48. Causes of hyperkalemia include: 49. A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of the following? 50. Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? 51. Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why? 52. Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child? 53. The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve? 54. The generation of clonal diversity occurs primarily during which phase of life? 55. What is the role of collagen in the clotting process? 56. What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? 57. The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location? 58. What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? 59. Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder? 60. Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?