Portage Learning BIOD 152 A&P II Lab 7 Exam Respiratory &
Digestive Systems Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete 30
Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
SECTION A: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY – UPPER & LOWER RESPIRATORY
TRACT (Q1–Q6)
Q1: On the respiratory system model, the pointer indicates the airway structure held
open by C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings, located anterior to the esophagus and
beginning at the larynx. Which structure is being identified?
A. Laryngopharynx
B. Primary bronchus
C. Trachea [CORRECT]
D. Nasopharynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The trachea is characterized by incomplete C-shaped cartilage rings
positioned between the larynx and the bronchi. The pharynx regions lack cartilage rings,
and bronchi branch below the trachea with irregular cartilage plates.
Q2: During lab practical identification of the larynx, the student is asked to identify the
largest unpaired cartilage, commonly known as the "Adam's apple," which is more
prominent in males. Which structure is this?
A. Cricoid cartilage
B. Epiglottis
C. Thyroid cartilage [CORRECT]
D. Arytenoid cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal cartilage, forming the anterior
laryngeal prominence. The cricoid is the inferior ring, the epiglottis is the elastic flap
covering the airway during swallowing, and the arytenoids are small paired posterior
cartilages that anchor the vocal folds.
Q3: A student examines a microscope slide of tracheal tissue and observes a surface
layer of tall cells with hair-like projections and scattered mucus-secreting cells resting
on a thick basement membrane. Which tissue and cell types are identified?
A. Simple squamous epithelium with goblet cells
, B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells [CORRECT]
C. Stratified squamous epithelium with brush border cells
D. Simple cuboidal epithelium with ciliated cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tracheal mucosa is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
containing mucus-producing goblet cells, forming the mucociliary escalator. Simple
squamous lines alveoli, stratified squamous protects the oropharynx, and cuboidal
epithelium is found in bronchioles and glands.
Q4: On a lung model, the pointer indicates the serous membrane layer directly adherent
to the surface of the lung itself. Which layer is being identified?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral pleura [CORRECT]
C. Pleural cavity
D. Pericardium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The visceral pleura covers the lung surface, while the parietal pleura lines the
thoracic wall and diaphragm. The pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space between the two
layers, and the pericardium surrounds the heart.
Q5: During the lab exam, the instructor asks the student to identify the structure that
serves as the common passageway for both food and air, located posterior to the oral
cavity and ending at the larynx and esophagus. Which region is this?
A. Nasopharynx
B. Oropharynx and laryngopharynx [CORRECT]
C. Glottis
D. Trachea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The oropharynx and laryngopharynx conduct both air and food, making them
the shared respiratory/digestive passageways. The nasopharynx is air-only, the glottis is
the vocal fold opening, and the trachea is air-only.
Q6: Within a lung lobe model, the student traces the airway from the trachea: trachea →
primary bronchus → secondary bronchus → tertiary bronchus → bronchioles →
terminal bronchioles. What is the final microscopic structure into which terminal
bronchioles deliver air, the primary site of gas exchange?
A. Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs [CORRECT]
B. Vocal folds
C. Nasal conchae
D. Laryngeal ventricles
Digestive Systems Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete 30
Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
SECTION A: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY – UPPER & LOWER RESPIRATORY
TRACT (Q1–Q6)
Q1: On the respiratory system model, the pointer indicates the airway structure held
open by C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings, located anterior to the esophagus and
beginning at the larynx. Which structure is being identified?
A. Laryngopharynx
B. Primary bronchus
C. Trachea [CORRECT]
D. Nasopharynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The trachea is characterized by incomplete C-shaped cartilage rings
positioned between the larynx and the bronchi. The pharynx regions lack cartilage rings,
and bronchi branch below the trachea with irregular cartilage plates.
Q2: During lab practical identification of the larynx, the student is asked to identify the
largest unpaired cartilage, commonly known as the "Adam's apple," which is more
prominent in males. Which structure is this?
A. Cricoid cartilage
B. Epiglottis
C. Thyroid cartilage [CORRECT]
D. Arytenoid cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal cartilage, forming the anterior
laryngeal prominence. The cricoid is the inferior ring, the epiglottis is the elastic flap
covering the airway during swallowing, and the arytenoids are small paired posterior
cartilages that anchor the vocal folds.
Q3: A student examines a microscope slide of tracheal tissue and observes a surface
layer of tall cells with hair-like projections and scattered mucus-secreting cells resting
on a thick basement membrane. Which tissue and cell types are identified?
A. Simple squamous epithelium with goblet cells
, B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells [CORRECT]
C. Stratified squamous epithelium with brush border cells
D. Simple cuboidal epithelium with ciliated cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tracheal mucosa is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
containing mucus-producing goblet cells, forming the mucociliary escalator. Simple
squamous lines alveoli, stratified squamous protects the oropharynx, and cuboidal
epithelium is found in bronchioles and glands.
Q4: On a lung model, the pointer indicates the serous membrane layer directly adherent
to the surface of the lung itself. Which layer is being identified?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral pleura [CORRECT]
C. Pleural cavity
D. Pericardium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The visceral pleura covers the lung surface, while the parietal pleura lines the
thoracic wall and diaphragm. The pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space between the two
layers, and the pericardium surrounds the heart.
Q5: During the lab exam, the instructor asks the student to identify the structure that
serves as the common passageway for both food and air, located posterior to the oral
cavity and ending at the larynx and esophagus. Which region is this?
A. Nasopharynx
B. Oropharynx and laryngopharynx [CORRECT]
C. Glottis
D. Trachea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The oropharynx and laryngopharynx conduct both air and food, making them
the shared respiratory/digestive passageways. The nasopharynx is air-only, the glottis is
the vocal fold opening, and the trachea is air-only.
Q6: Within a lung lobe model, the student traces the airway from the trachea: trachea →
primary bronchus → secondary bronchus → tertiary bronchus → bronchioles →
terminal bronchioles. What is the final microscopic structure into which terminal
bronchioles deliver air, the primary site of gas exchange?
A. Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs [CORRECT]
B. Vocal folds
C. Nasal conchae
D. Laryngeal ventricles
