BIOS 256 WEEK 3 QUIZ FINAL EXAM
(Latest Update ) Anatomy and
Physiology IV with Lab | Questions &
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A –
Chamberlain
1. Which nephron segment performs most reabsorption of water
and solutes?
A. Proximal tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The proximal tubule reabsorbs the bulk of water,
sodium, glucose, and other solutes from filtrate.
2. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in collecting
ducts?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Renin
,Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ADH increases the permeability of collecting ducts to
water, conserving body water.
3. Which nephron type has long loops that reach deep into the
medulla?
A. Cortical nephron
B. Juxtamedullary nephron
C. Superficial nephron
D. Short-loop nephron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Juxtamedullary nephrons establish the medullary
osmotic gradient for concentrated urine.
4. Which enzyme converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
A. ACE
B. Renin
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renin catalyzes the first step in the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS).
5. Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
,A. ACE
B. Renin
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a potent
vasoconstrictor.
6. Which hormone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium
excretion?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone acts on distal tubules and collecting ducts to
reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.
7. Which hormone is released in response to high blood pressure
to reduce volume?
A. ADH
B. ANP
C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ANP promotes sodium and water excretion to decrease
blood volume and pressure.
8. Which structure surrounds glomerular capillaries and collects
filtrate?
A. Bowman's capsule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Collecting duct
D. Proximal tubule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bowman's capsule receives plasma filtrate from
glomerular capillaries.
9. Which nephron segment is highly permeable to water but not
solutes?
A. Descending loop
B. Ascending loop
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The descending loop allows water to leave via osmosis,
but solutes remain.
(Latest Update ) Anatomy and
Physiology IV with Lab | Questions &
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A –
Chamberlain
1. Which nephron segment performs most reabsorption of water
and solutes?
A. Proximal tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The proximal tubule reabsorbs the bulk of water,
sodium, glucose, and other solutes from filtrate.
2. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in collecting
ducts?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Renin
,Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ADH increases the permeability of collecting ducts to
water, conserving body water.
3. Which nephron type has long loops that reach deep into the
medulla?
A. Cortical nephron
B. Juxtamedullary nephron
C. Superficial nephron
D. Short-loop nephron
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Juxtamedullary nephrons establish the medullary
osmotic gradient for concentrated urine.
4. Which enzyme converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
A. ACE
B. Renin
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renin catalyzes the first step in the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS).
5. Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
,A. ACE
B. Renin
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a potent
vasoconstrictor.
6. Which hormone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium
excretion?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Renin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone acts on distal tubules and collecting ducts to
reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.
7. Which hormone is released in response to high blood pressure
to reduce volume?
A. ADH
B. ANP
C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ANP promotes sodium and water excretion to decrease
blood volume and pressure.
8. Which structure surrounds glomerular capillaries and collects
filtrate?
A. Bowman's capsule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Collecting duct
D. Proximal tubule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bowman's capsule receives plasma filtrate from
glomerular capillaries.
9. Which nephron segment is highly permeable to water but not
solutes?
A. Descending loop
B. Ascending loop
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The descending loop allows water to leave via osmosis,
but solutes remain.
