BIO 202L Lab 14 Worksheet The Urinary System Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete
30 Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Section A: Urinary System Anatomy – Kidney, Ureters, Bladder & Urethra
(Q1–Q6)
Q1: While examining a coronal section of a preserved kidney in lab, a student identifies
cone-shaped, striated structures arranged around the renal pelvis. Which region of the
kidney contains these renal pyramids?
A. The renal cortex
B. The renal medulla [CORRECT]
C. The renal pelvis
D. The renal columns
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The renal pyramids, with their striated appearance created by loops of Henle
and collecting ducts, are located in the medulla; the cortex is the outer granular layer,
the pelvis is the funnel-shaped collecting chamber, and renal columns are cortical tissue
extending between pyramids.
Q2: Trace the pathway of urine from the collecting duct to the urinary bladder. Which
sequence is correct?
A. Collecting duct → renal papilla → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
→ bladder [CORRECT]
B. Collecting duct → renal pelvis → major calyx → minor calyx → renal papilla → ureter
→ bladder
C. Collecting duct → minor calyx → renal papilla → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
→ bladder
D. Collecting duct → renal papilla → renal pelvis → minor calyx → ureter → major calyx
→ bladder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine drains from the collecting duct through the papilla into minor calyces,
which merge into major calyces, then the renal pelvis, and finally the ureter to the
bladder; the other options reverse the calyx hierarchy or misplace the papilla and pelvis.
, Q3: In the kidney model, the ureters are observed to enter the urinary bladder at an
oblique angle rather than straight in. What is the functional advantage of this
arrangement?
A. It allows urine to flow faster into the bladder
B. It prevents urine from flowing through the ureter under gravity
C. It prevents backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys during
bladder contraction [CORRECT]
D. It allows the ureter to store urine when the bladder is full
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The oblique, valve-like entry is compressed as the bladder fills and contracts,
blocking reflux toward the kidneys; gravity is not the driving force (peristalsis is), and
ureters never store urine.
Q4: In the nephron blood-flow model, blood flows from the renal artery through
progressively smaller arteries until it reaches the glomerulus. What is the correct order
of the vessels immediately associated with the glomerulus?
A. Efferent arteriole → glomerulus → afferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries
B. Glomerulus → afferent arteriole → efferent arteriole → vasa recta
C. Peritubular capillaries → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → afferent arteriole
D. Afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries
[CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole, filters across the
glomerular capillaries, exits through the efferent arteriole, and continues into the
peritubular capillaries; the other sequences reverse the direction of flow through the
corpuscle.
Q5: A 24-year-old woman has had three urinary tract infections in the past year, while
her male partner has had none. Anatomically, which factor most explains her increased
risk?
A. Her urethra is approximately 4 cm long and opens close to the anal region, allowing
bacteria a short pathway to the bladder [CORRECT]
B. Her urethra is approximately 20 cm long, giving bacteria more time to multiply
C. Her bladder is located higher in the abdominal cavity
D. She has two ureters entering a single bladder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The short female urethra (~3–4 cm) and its proximity to the perineal and anal
area give organisms a short route to the bladder, whereas the ~20 cm male urethra is a
30 Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Section A: Urinary System Anatomy – Kidney, Ureters, Bladder & Urethra
(Q1–Q6)
Q1: While examining a coronal section of a preserved kidney in lab, a student identifies
cone-shaped, striated structures arranged around the renal pelvis. Which region of the
kidney contains these renal pyramids?
A. The renal cortex
B. The renal medulla [CORRECT]
C. The renal pelvis
D. The renal columns
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The renal pyramids, with their striated appearance created by loops of Henle
and collecting ducts, are located in the medulla; the cortex is the outer granular layer,
the pelvis is the funnel-shaped collecting chamber, and renal columns are cortical tissue
extending between pyramids.
Q2: Trace the pathway of urine from the collecting duct to the urinary bladder. Which
sequence is correct?
A. Collecting duct → renal papilla → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
→ bladder [CORRECT]
B. Collecting duct → renal pelvis → major calyx → minor calyx → renal papilla → ureter
→ bladder
C. Collecting duct → minor calyx → renal papilla → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
→ bladder
D. Collecting duct → renal papilla → renal pelvis → minor calyx → ureter → major calyx
→ bladder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine drains from the collecting duct through the papilla into minor calyces,
which merge into major calyces, then the renal pelvis, and finally the ureter to the
bladder; the other options reverse the calyx hierarchy or misplace the papilla and pelvis.
, Q3: In the kidney model, the ureters are observed to enter the urinary bladder at an
oblique angle rather than straight in. What is the functional advantage of this
arrangement?
A. It allows urine to flow faster into the bladder
B. It prevents urine from flowing through the ureter under gravity
C. It prevents backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys during
bladder contraction [CORRECT]
D. It allows the ureter to store urine when the bladder is full
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The oblique, valve-like entry is compressed as the bladder fills and contracts,
blocking reflux toward the kidneys; gravity is not the driving force (peristalsis is), and
ureters never store urine.
Q4: In the nephron blood-flow model, blood flows from the renal artery through
progressively smaller arteries until it reaches the glomerulus. What is the correct order
of the vessels immediately associated with the glomerulus?
A. Efferent arteriole → glomerulus → afferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries
B. Glomerulus → afferent arteriole → efferent arteriole → vasa recta
C. Peritubular capillaries → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → afferent arteriole
D. Afferent arteriole → glomerulus → efferent arteriole → peritubular capillaries
[CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole, filters across the
glomerular capillaries, exits through the efferent arteriole, and continues into the
peritubular capillaries; the other sequences reverse the direction of flow through the
corpuscle.
Q5: A 24-year-old woman has had three urinary tract infections in the past year, while
her male partner has had none. Anatomically, which factor most explains her increased
risk?
A. Her urethra is approximately 4 cm long and opens close to the anal region, allowing
bacteria a short pathway to the bladder [CORRECT]
B. Her urethra is approximately 20 cm long, giving bacteria more time to multiply
C. Her bladder is located higher in the abdominal cavity
D. She has two ureters entering a single bladder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The short female urethra (~3–4 cm) and its proximity to the perineal and anal
area give organisms a short route to the bladder, whereas the ~20 cm male urethra is a
