Biology Practice Final Exam Review — With Questions and
Correct (Verified) Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027 |
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1. abiotic
A) living
B) non-living
C) once-living
D) microscopic
Correct Answer: B) non-living
Rationale: The prefix "a-" means "without," and "bio" means life. Abiotic factors are the non-living
physical and chemical components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, temperature, water, and
minerals. Choice A describes biotic factors, while C is misleading because abiotic factors were never
alive.
2. autotroph
A) An organism that eats other organisms
B) An organism that makes its own food
C) An organism that decomposes dead matter
D) An organism that cannot reproduce
Correct Answer: B) An organism that makes its own food
Rationale: Autotrophs ("self-feeders"), such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, produce their own
organic nutrients via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Choice A describes heterotrophs, and C
describes decomposers/detritivores.
3. asexual reproduction
A) A reproductive process involving two parents
B) A reproductive process involving only one parent that produces identical offspring
C) A process that produces genetically unique gametes
D) A process that halves the chromosome number
Correct Answer: B) A reproductive process involving only one parent that produces identical
offspring
Rationale: Asexual reproduction (e.g., binary fission, budding) requires one parent and produces
genetically identical clones because there is no mixing of gametes. Choices C and D describe meiosis
and sexual reproduction.
4. biotic
A) non-living
B) living
C) decaying only
D) chemical
Correct Answer: B) living
Rationale: Biotic factors are all living or once-living components of an ecosystem, including plants,
animals, fungi, and bacteria. This contrasts with abiotic (non-living) factors.
,5. biosphere
A) All the water on Earth
B) All life on Earth and all parts of Earth where life exists
C) A single ecosystem
D) The atmosphere only
Correct Answer: B) All life on Earth and all parts of Earth where life exists
Rationale: The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, encompassing land, water, and
atmosphere where life occurs. Choice A describes the hydrosphere, and D describes only the
atmosphere.
6. cell specialization
A) Cells becoming identical
B) Cells developing in different ways to perform different tasks
C) Cells dying off
D) Cells dividing uncontrollably
Correct Answer: B) Cells developing in different ways to perform different tasks
Rationale: Cell specialization (differentiation) allows a multicellular organism to have distinct cell
types—such as nerve, muscle, and blood cells—each suited to a specific function. Choice D describes
cancer.
7. cell differentiation
A) Process by which cells become different types of cells
B) Process by which cells divide
C) Process by which cells die
D) Process by which cells fuse
Correct Answer: A) Process by which cells become different types of cells
Rationale: Differentiation is driven by differential gene expression, where specific genes are turned
on or off, causing unspecialized stem cells to become specialized cell types.
8. carbon cycle
A) Movement of carbon only in the atmosphere
B) Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and
back
C) Movement of carbon only in the ocean
D) Movement of carbon only in plants
Correct Answer: B) Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the environment
to organisms and back
Rationale: Carbon cycles through photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and
fossilization. It moves among the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere in forms such
as CO₂, glucose, and carbonate.
9. chemical bond
A) The attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where energy in a compound is stored
B) A type of cell
C) A molecule of water
D) A genetic mutation
Correct Answer: A) The attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where energy in a
compound is stored
Rationale: Chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) involve interactions between electrons.
Breaking bonds releases stored chemical energy, while forming bonds stores energy.
, 10. chromosome pair
A) Two identical copies of the same chromosome from one parent
B) Identical copies of a single chromosome (one from mom next to mom chromosome 1)
C) Two chromosomes from different species
D) A chromosome and a ribosome
Correct Answer: B) Identical copies of a single chromosome (one from mom next to mom
chromosome 1)
Rationale: A chromosome pair refers to homologous chromosomes—one maternal and one paternal
copy of the same chromosome number—that carry genes for the same traits at the same loci.
11. consumer
A) An organism that makes its own food
B) An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
C) An organism that decomposes dead matter
D) An organism that produces oxygen
Correct Answer: B) An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
Rationale: Consumers are heterotrophs (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) that must ingest other
organisms for energy. Choice A is a producer, and C is a decomposer.
12. deletion
A) The addition of part of a DNA molecule
B) The loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
C) The reversal of gene order
D) The substitution of one nucleotide
Correct Answer: B) The loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
Rationale: Deletion is a chromosomal or gene mutation in which a segment of DNA is lost. Choice A
is insertion, C is inversion, and D is substitution.
13. detritivore
A) An organism that feeds on decaying matter after it has been broken down by decomposers
B) An organism that makes its own food
C) An organism that eats only living plants
D) An organism that eats only living animals
Correct Answer: A) An organism that feeds on decaying matter after it has been broken down by
decomposers
Rationale: Detritivores (e.g., earthworms, crabs) consume detritus—dead organic material—and
help recycle nutrients. They differ from decomposers (bacteria/fungi) that chemically break down
matter.
14. DNA
A) A type of protein
B) Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material that carries information and serves as the recipe for
making proteins
C) A lipid molecule
D) A carbohydrate
Correct Answer: B) Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material that carries information and serves as
the recipe for making proteins
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information in its nucleotide sequence and is passed from parent
to offspring. It also directs protein synthesis via transcription and translation.
Correct (Verified) Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027 |
Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success | Brand New
Version
1. abiotic
A) living
B) non-living
C) once-living
D) microscopic
Correct Answer: B) non-living
Rationale: The prefix "a-" means "without," and "bio" means life. Abiotic factors are the non-living
physical and chemical components of an ecosystem, such as sunlight, temperature, water, and
minerals. Choice A describes biotic factors, while C is misleading because abiotic factors were never
alive.
2. autotroph
A) An organism that eats other organisms
B) An organism that makes its own food
C) An organism that decomposes dead matter
D) An organism that cannot reproduce
Correct Answer: B) An organism that makes its own food
Rationale: Autotrophs ("self-feeders"), such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, produce their own
organic nutrients via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Choice A describes heterotrophs, and C
describes decomposers/detritivores.
3. asexual reproduction
A) A reproductive process involving two parents
B) A reproductive process involving only one parent that produces identical offspring
C) A process that produces genetically unique gametes
D) A process that halves the chromosome number
Correct Answer: B) A reproductive process involving only one parent that produces identical
offspring
Rationale: Asexual reproduction (e.g., binary fission, budding) requires one parent and produces
genetically identical clones because there is no mixing of gametes. Choices C and D describe meiosis
and sexual reproduction.
4. biotic
A) non-living
B) living
C) decaying only
D) chemical
Correct Answer: B) living
Rationale: Biotic factors are all living or once-living components of an ecosystem, including plants,
animals, fungi, and bacteria. This contrasts with abiotic (non-living) factors.
,5. biosphere
A) All the water on Earth
B) All life on Earth and all parts of Earth where life exists
C) A single ecosystem
D) The atmosphere only
Correct Answer: B) All life on Earth and all parts of Earth where life exists
Rationale: The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, encompassing land, water, and
atmosphere where life occurs. Choice A describes the hydrosphere, and D describes only the
atmosphere.
6. cell specialization
A) Cells becoming identical
B) Cells developing in different ways to perform different tasks
C) Cells dying off
D) Cells dividing uncontrollably
Correct Answer: B) Cells developing in different ways to perform different tasks
Rationale: Cell specialization (differentiation) allows a multicellular organism to have distinct cell
types—such as nerve, muscle, and blood cells—each suited to a specific function. Choice D describes
cancer.
7. cell differentiation
A) Process by which cells become different types of cells
B) Process by which cells divide
C) Process by which cells die
D) Process by which cells fuse
Correct Answer: A) Process by which cells become different types of cells
Rationale: Differentiation is driven by differential gene expression, where specific genes are turned
on or off, causing unspecialized stem cells to become specialized cell types.
8. carbon cycle
A) Movement of carbon only in the atmosphere
B) Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and
back
C) Movement of carbon only in the ocean
D) Movement of carbon only in plants
Correct Answer: B) Cyclic movement of carbon in different chemical forms from the environment
to organisms and back
Rationale: Carbon cycles through photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and
fossilization. It moves among the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere in forms such
as CO₂, glucose, and carbonate.
9. chemical bond
A) The attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where energy in a compound is stored
B) A type of cell
C) A molecule of water
D) A genetic mutation
Correct Answer: A) The attractive force that holds atoms or ions together where energy in a
compound is stored
Rationale: Chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic) involve interactions between electrons.
Breaking bonds releases stored chemical energy, while forming bonds stores energy.
, 10. chromosome pair
A) Two identical copies of the same chromosome from one parent
B) Identical copies of a single chromosome (one from mom next to mom chromosome 1)
C) Two chromosomes from different species
D) A chromosome and a ribosome
Correct Answer: B) Identical copies of a single chromosome (one from mom next to mom
chromosome 1)
Rationale: A chromosome pair refers to homologous chromosomes—one maternal and one paternal
copy of the same chromosome number—that carry genes for the same traits at the same loci.
11. consumer
A) An organism that makes its own food
B) An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
C) An organism that decomposes dead matter
D) An organism that produces oxygen
Correct Answer: B) An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
Rationale: Consumers are heterotrophs (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) that must ingest other
organisms for energy. Choice A is a producer, and C is a decomposer.
12. deletion
A) The addition of part of a DNA molecule
B) The loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
C) The reversal of gene order
D) The substitution of one nucleotide
Correct Answer: B) The loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
Rationale: Deletion is a chromosomal or gene mutation in which a segment of DNA is lost. Choice A
is insertion, C is inversion, and D is substitution.
13. detritivore
A) An organism that feeds on decaying matter after it has been broken down by decomposers
B) An organism that makes its own food
C) An organism that eats only living plants
D) An organism that eats only living animals
Correct Answer: A) An organism that feeds on decaying matter after it has been broken down by
decomposers
Rationale: Detritivores (e.g., earthworms, crabs) consume detritus—dead organic material—and
help recycle nutrients. They differ from decomposers (bacteria/fungi) that chemically break down
matter.
14. DNA
A) A type of protein
B) Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material that carries information and serves as the recipe for
making proteins
C) A lipid molecule
D) A carbohydrate
Correct Answer: B) Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material that carries information and serves as
the recipe for making proteins
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information in its nucleotide sequence and is passed from parent
to offspring. It also directs protein synthesis via transcription and translation.
