Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 1 of 7
Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition
Chapter One: Introduction to Database Management
A Guide to this Instructor’s Manual:
We have designed this Instructor’s Manual to supplement and enhance your teaching experience through classroom
activities and a cohesive chapter summary.
This document is organized chronologically, using the same heading in red that you see in the textbook. Under each
heading, you will find (in order): Lecture Notes that summarize the section, Figures and Boxes found in the section, if any,
Teacher Tips, Classroom Activities, and Lab Activities. Pay special attention to Teacher Tips and activities geared towards
quizzing your students, enhancing their critical thinking skills, and encouraging experimentation within the software.
In addition to this Instructor’s Manual, our Instructor’s Resources also include PowerPoint Presentations, Test Banks,
Solutions to Exercises, and other supplements to aid in your teaching experience. You can access Instructor Resources via
the Web at login.cengage.com.
Table of Contents
Chapter Objectives 1
1: BITS Company Background 1
4: Database Solution 2
10: Database Management Systems 3
13: Advantages of Database Processing 4
15: Disadvantages of Database Processing 5
15: Big Data 5
16: Introduction to the Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case 6
21: Introduction to the Sports Physical Therapy Database Case 6
End of Chapter Material 7
Glossary of Key Terms 7
Chapter Objectives
The learning objectives for Chapter One are:
Introduce Burk IT Solutions (BITS), the company Introduce Colonial Adventure Tours, the company
that is used as the basis for many of the examples that is used in a case that appears at the end of each
throughout the text chapter
Introduce basic database terminology Introduce Sports Physical Therapy, the company that
Describe database management systems (DBMSs) is used in another case that appears at the end of each
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database chapter
processing
1: BITS Company Background
LECTURE NOTES
Describe the BITS company
Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate the problems associated with using spreadsheets to maintain this data
o Redundancy
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
,Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 2 of 7
o Difficulty accessing related data
o Limited security features
o Multiple updates
o Size limitations
Define redundancy
o Duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place
Use the embedded Q & A on page 2 to discuss the problems redundancy causes
o Wastes space
o Makes changes more cumbersome
o Can lead to inconsistencies
Use Figure 1-2 to introduce the type of data that BITS must be able to store and retrieve
o Point out that the amounts in the Total column in Figure 1-2 are not stored in the database but are calculated
FIGURES: 1-1, 1-2
TEACHER TIPS
Students will work with BITS in every chapter. They should become familiar with this fictitious company and the type of
data it needs to maintain. The same type of data needs to be stored by other consulting companies or service providers.
If you want to personalize the database, you have students add their name as a customer or you can have them rename the
database using their own name rather than BITS.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Group Activities: Place students in groups and distribute order forms from local companies and/or retail stores. Ask the
groups to determine the data the company must store and the data that is calculated.
2. Class Discussion: Ask students what other type of data a service provider such as BITS would need to maintain.
3. Critical Thinking: BITS needs to maintain data on the consultants and what each one specializes in. Should BITS store
this data in a spreadsheet? Why or why not?
4: Database Solution
LECTURE NOTES
Define entity
o Person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data
Define attribute
o Characteristic or property of an entity
o Also called a field or column in many database systems
Use Figure 1-3 to point out the Consultant and Client entity and the attributes for each entity
Define relationship
o An association between entities
Define one-to-many relationship
o Each rep is associated with many customers, but each customer is associated with only one rep
Use Figure 1-4 to explain the one-to-many relationship between consultants and clients
Define data file
o File used to store data, such as a spreadsheet or word-processed document
Define database
o A structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those entities, and the
relationships among the entities
Point out the differences between a data file and a database
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
,Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 3 of 7
Use Figure 1-5 to review the tables (entities) that make up the BITS database
o Consultant, Client, Tasks, OrderLine, Work Orders
Use Figure 1-6 to illustrate the problems with storing orders in the alternative table structure
Review the embedded Q & As on pages 8 through 9
Define entity-relationship (E-R) diagram
o Visual way to represent a database
Use Figure 1-7 to illustrate an E-R diagram and review the entities, attributes, and relationships in the BITS database
FIGURES: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7
TEACHER TIPS
Database concepts such as entity, attribute, and relationship are often difficult for students to grasp. Use examples that
students can relate to, for example, a school database or a database maintained by the state department of public safety
(driver’s licenses). A good analogy to use is an employment application form. The items that we complete on the form are
attributes, and the completed application (entity example) describes the person who completed it.
Figure 1-5 lists the five tables that make up the BITS database. Each table represents an entity. The data in the tables are
related through common fields. It is these relationships that allow the user to access data from more than one table and
produce reports, queries, and forms. Encourage students to use the embedded Q & As to test their understanding of the
concepts as well as the design of the BITS database.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Pick up any object in the classroom, such as a coffee mug, a book, or a pen, and ask students to list the
attributes to describe the object as an entity.
2. Critical Thinking: What attributes would you use to describe yourself in a database of students? What attributes would
you use to describe yourself in a database of employees?
3. Quick Quiz
1)What is an entity? (Answer: A person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data)
2)In the database environment, what is a relationship? (Answer: An association between entities)
3)What is a database? (A structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those
entities, and the relationships among the entities)
10: Database Management Systems
LECTURE NOTES
Define database management system (DBMS)
o A program or collection of programs, through which users interact with a database
Use Figure 1-8 to illustrate using a DBMS directly
Use Figure 1-9 to illustrate using a DBMS through another program
Discuss the popular DBMSs
o Access, Oracle, DB2, MySQL, SQL Server
Define database design
o Determining the structure of a desired database
Define forms
o Screen objects used to maintain, view, and print data from a database
Use Figures 1-10 and 1-11 to illustrate forms used in a database
Use Figure 1-12 to illustrate reports created from a database
FIGURES: 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
, Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 4 of 7
TEACHER TIPS
Most students have very little experience with a true database management system. A database management system (DBMS)
is different from file management software or the database feature of Excel. In a typical file management system, each
department within an organization has its own set of files, often designed specifically for particular applications. In a
database management system, many programs and users share the data in a database. With file management software, data
only can be retrieved from one file. With a DBMS, data can be retrieved by joining tables that have a common field.
Microsoft Access currently is the most popular DBMS for use with personal computers. There are versions of Oracle, DB2,
MySQL, and SQL Server that run under several different operating systems. MySQL is open-source software that is
available at no cost. Both Oracle and SQL Server provide Express versions that can be downloaded at no cost. These
Express versions are subsets of the complete versions.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Ask students if they have ever used file management software or other DBMS packages.
2. Group Activities: Divide the class into small groups. Ask each group to determine the fields that could be used to describe
a student in one of the following situations:
(1) A database that stores information about students in a student organization
(2) A database that stores information about students in a course
(3) A database that stores information about students on an athletic team
(4) A database that stores information about student health records
13: Advantages of Database Processing
Use Figure 1-13 to discuss the advantages of database processing
o Getting more information from the same amount of data
o Sharing data
o Balancing conflicting requirements
o Controlling redundancy
o Facilitating consistency
o Referential integrity
o Expanding security
o Increasing productivity
o Providing data independence
Define database administrator or database administration (DBA)
o Person or group in charge of the database
Define referential integrity
o A relational database concept stating that table relationships must be consistent and follow integrity constraints
Define integrity constraint
o Rule that data must follow in the database
Define security
o Prevention of unauthorized access to the database
Define data independence
o Property that lets you change the structure of the database without requiring you to change the programs that
access the database
FIGURE: 1-13
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition
Chapter One: Introduction to Database Management
A Guide to this Instructor’s Manual:
We have designed this Instructor’s Manual to supplement and enhance your teaching experience through classroom
activities and a cohesive chapter summary.
This document is organized chronologically, using the same heading in red that you see in the textbook. Under each
heading, you will find (in order): Lecture Notes that summarize the section, Figures and Boxes found in the section, if any,
Teacher Tips, Classroom Activities, and Lab Activities. Pay special attention to Teacher Tips and activities geared towards
quizzing your students, enhancing their critical thinking skills, and encouraging experimentation within the software.
In addition to this Instructor’s Manual, our Instructor’s Resources also include PowerPoint Presentations, Test Banks,
Solutions to Exercises, and other supplements to aid in your teaching experience. You can access Instructor Resources via
the Web at login.cengage.com.
Table of Contents
Chapter Objectives 1
1: BITS Company Background 1
4: Database Solution 2
10: Database Management Systems 3
13: Advantages of Database Processing 4
15: Disadvantages of Database Processing 5
15: Big Data 5
16: Introduction to the Colonial Adventure Tours Database Case 6
21: Introduction to the Sports Physical Therapy Database Case 6
End of Chapter Material 7
Glossary of Key Terms 7
Chapter Objectives
The learning objectives for Chapter One are:
Introduce Burk IT Solutions (BITS), the company Introduce Colonial Adventure Tours, the company
that is used as the basis for many of the examples that is used in a case that appears at the end of each
throughout the text chapter
Introduce basic database terminology Introduce Sports Physical Therapy, the company that
Describe database management systems (DBMSs) is used in another case that appears at the end of each
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database chapter
processing
1: BITS Company Background
LECTURE NOTES
Describe the BITS company
Use Figure 1-1 to illustrate the problems associated with using spreadsheets to maintain this data
o Redundancy
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
,Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 2 of 7
o Difficulty accessing related data
o Limited security features
o Multiple updates
o Size limitations
Define redundancy
o Duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place
Use the embedded Q & A on page 2 to discuss the problems redundancy causes
o Wastes space
o Makes changes more cumbersome
o Can lead to inconsistencies
Use Figure 1-2 to introduce the type of data that BITS must be able to store and retrieve
o Point out that the amounts in the Total column in Figure 1-2 are not stored in the database but are calculated
FIGURES: 1-1, 1-2
TEACHER TIPS
Students will work with BITS in every chapter. They should become familiar with this fictitious company and the type of
data it needs to maintain. The same type of data needs to be stored by other consulting companies or service providers.
If you want to personalize the database, you have students add their name as a customer or you can have them rename the
database using their own name rather than BITS.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Group Activities: Place students in groups and distribute order forms from local companies and/or retail stores. Ask the
groups to determine the data the company must store and the data that is calculated.
2. Class Discussion: Ask students what other type of data a service provider such as BITS would need to maintain.
3. Critical Thinking: BITS needs to maintain data on the consultants and what each one specializes in. Should BITS store
this data in a spreadsheet? Why or why not?
4: Database Solution
LECTURE NOTES
Define entity
o Person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data
Define attribute
o Characteristic or property of an entity
o Also called a field or column in many database systems
Use Figure 1-3 to point out the Consultant and Client entity and the attributes for each entity
Define relationship
o An association between entities
Define one-to-many relationship
o Each rep is associated with many customers, but each customer is associated with only one rep
Use Figure 1-4 to explain the one-to-many relationship between consultants and clients
Define data file
o File used to store data, such as a spreadsheet or word-processed document
Define database
o A structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those entities, and the
relationships among the entities
Point out the differences between a data file and a database
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
,Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 3 of 7
Use Figure 1-5 to review the tables (entities) that make up the BITS database
o Consultant, Client, Tasks, OrderLine, Work Orders
Use Figure 1-6 to illustrate the problems with storing orders in the alternative table structure
Review the embedded Q & As on pages 8 through 9
Define entity-relationship (E-R) diagram
o Visual way to represent a database
Use Figure 1-7 to illustrate an E-R diagram and review the entities, attributes, and relationships in the BITS database
FIGURES: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7
TEACHER TIPS
Database concepts such as entity, attribute, and relationship are often difficult for students to grasp. Use examples that
students can relate to, for example, a school database or a database maintained by the state department of public safety
(driver’s licenses). A good analogy to use is an employment application form. The items that we complete on the form are
attributes, and the completed application (entity example) describes the person who completed it.
Figure 1-5 lists the five tables that make up the BITS database. Each table represents an entity. The data in the tables are
related through common fields. It is these relationships that allow the user to access data from more than one table and
produce reports, queries, and forms. Encourage students to use the embedded Q & As to test their understanding of the
concepts as well as the design of the BITS database.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Pick up any object in the classroom, such as a coffee mug, a book, or a pen, and ask students to list the
attributes to describe the object as an entity.
2. Critical Thinking: What attributes would you use to describe yourself in a database of students? What attributes would
you use to describe yourself in a database of employees?
3. Quick Quiz
1)What is an entity? (Answer: A person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data)
2)In the database environment, what is a relationship? (Answer: An association between entities)
3)What is a database? (A structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those
entities, and the relationships among the entities)
10: Database Management Systems
LECTURE NOTES
Define database management system (DBMS)
o A program or collection of programs, through which users interact with a database
Use Figure 1-8 to illustrate using a DBMS directly
Use Figure 1-9 to illustrate using a DBMS through another program
Discuss the popular DBMSs
o Access, Oracle, DB2, MySQL, SQL Server
Define database design
o Determining the structure of a desired database
Define forms
o Screen objects used to maintain, view, and print data from a database
Use Figures 1-10 and 1-11 to illustrate forms used in a database
Use Figure 1-12 to illustrate reports created from a database
FIGURES: 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
, Concepts of Database Management, Ninth Edition Instructor’s Manual Page 4 of 7
TEACHER TIPS
Most students have very little experience with a true database management system. A database management system (DBMS)
is different from file management software or the database feature of Excel. In a typical file management system, each
department within an organization has its own set of files, often designed specifically for particular applications. In a
database management system, many programs and users share the data in a database. With file management software, data
only can be retrieved from one file. With a DBMS, data can be retrieved by joining tables that have a common field.
Microsoft Access currently is the most popular DBMS for use with personal computers. There are versions of Oracle, DB2,
MySQL, and SQL Server that run under several different operating systems. MySQL is open-source software that is
available at no cost. Both Oracle and SQL Server provide Express versions that can be downloaded at no cost. These
Express versions are subsets of the complete versions.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Ask students if they have ever used file management software or other DBMS packages.
2. Group Activities: Divide the class into small groups. Ask each group to determine the fields that could be used to describe
a student in one of the following situations:
(1) A database that stores information about students in a student organization
(2) A database that stores information about students in a course
(3) A database that stores information about students on an athletic team
(4) A database that stores information about student health records
13: Advantages of Database Processing
Use Figure 1-13 to discuss the advantages of database processing
o Getting more information from the same amount of data
o Sharing data
o Balancing conflicting requirements
o Controlling redundancy
o Facilitating consistency
o Referential integrity
o Expanding security
o Increasing productivity
o Providing data independence
Define database administrator or database administration (DBA)
o Person or group in charge of the database
Define referential integrity
o A relational database concept stating that table relationships must be consistent and follow integrity constraints
Define integrity constraint
o Rule that data must follow in the database
Define security
o Prevention of unauthorized access to the database
Define data independence
o Property that lets you change the structure of the database without requiring you to change the programs that
access the database
FIGURE: 1-13
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as
permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
