C175 FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS -
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND DETAILED EXPLANATIONS.
2026/2027
1. Which of the following best describes the difference between data and information?
A. Data is processed information.
B. Data represents raw facts, while information is data that has been processed to reveal
meaning.
C. Information is a collection of raw facts, while data is the result of processing those facts.
D. There is no functional difference between the two in a database context.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Data consists of raw facts. Information is the result of processing
raw data to reveal its meaning, which is crucial for decision-making.
,2. In a relational database, what is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key?
A. To uniquely identify a row within its own table.
B. To speed up data retrieval operations.
C. To establish and enforce a link between data in two tables.
D. To prevent the entry of null values in a specific column.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A Foreign Key is a field in one table that refers to the Primary
Key in another table, thereby establishing a relationship between the two.
3. A database requirement states that a ‘Customer’ can place many ‘Orders’, but each ‘Order’
belongs to only one ‘Customer’. Which type of relationship is this?
A. One-to-One (1:1)
B. One-to-Many (1:M)
C. Many-to-Many (M:N)
D. Recursive relationship
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: This is a classic one-to-many relationship where one entity
instance (Customer) is associated with multiple instances of another entity (Orders).
4. What is the specific goal of the Second Normal Form (2NF)?
A. Removing transitive dependencies.
, B. Removing partial functional dependencies.
C. Eliminating repeating groups and ensuring atomicity.
D. Ensuring all non-key attributes are independent of each other.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: 2NF requires that the table is in 1NF and that all non-key
attributes are fully functional dependent on the entire primary key, thus removing partial
dependencies.
5. Which SQL command is categorized under Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. ALTER
B. UPDATE
C. SELECT
D. INSERT
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: DDL commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP are used to
define or modify the structure of database objects.
6. A table is in Third Normal Form (3NF) if it is in 2NF and contains no:
A. Partial dependencies.
B. Composite keys.
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS -
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND DETAILED EXPLANATIONS.
2026/2027
1. Which of the following best describes the difference between data and information?
A. Data is processed information.
B. Data represents raw facts, while information is data that has been processed to reveal
meaning.
C. Information is a collection of raw facts, while data is the result of processing those facts.
D. There is no functional difference between the two in a database context.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Data consists of raw facts. Information is the result of processing
raw data to reveal its meaning, which is crucial for decision-making.
,2. In a relational database, what is the primary purpose of a Foreign Key?
A. To uniquely identify a row within its own table.
B. To speed up data retrieval operations.
C. To establish and enforce a link between data in two tables.
D. To prevent the entry of null values in a specific column.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: A Foreign Key is a field in one table that refers to the Primary
Key in another table, thereby establishing a relationship between the two.
3. A database requirement states that a ‘Customer’ can place many ‘Orders’, but each ‘Order’
belongs to only one ‘Customer’. Which type of relationship is this?
A. One-to-One (1:1)
B. One-to-Many (1:M)
C. Many-to-Many (M:N)
D. Recursive relationship
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: This is a classic one-to-many relationship where one entity
instance (Customer) is associated with multiple instances of another entity (Orders).
4. What is the specific goal of the Second Normal Form (2NF)?
A. Removing transitive dependencies.
, B. Removing partial functional dependencies.
C. Eliminating repeating groups and ensuring atomicity.
D. Ensuring all non-key attributes are independent of each other.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: 2NF requires that the table is in 1NF and that all non-key
attributes are fully functional dependent on the entire primary key, thus removing partial
dependencies.
5. Which SQL command is categorized under Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. ALTER
B. UPDATE
C. SELECT
D. INSERT
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: DDL commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP are used to
define or modify the structure of database objects.
6. A table is in Third Normal Form (3NF) if it is in 2NF and contains no:
A. Partial dependencies.
B. Composite keys.
