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Cause-and-effect diagrams or fishbone diagrams or Ishikawa diagrams
-ANSWER-Show the impact of various inputs into the result of a
process. They help organizations isolate the root causes of problems
such as bottlenecks in their processes.
Check sheets -ANSWER-The means used to record data points in real-
time at the site where the data is generated. This is often the first tool
used to assess a process and often the data is "raw" meaning it is
straight from the source and without any interpretation.
Control charts -ANSWER-Graphical depictions of process output
where the raw data is plotted in real-time within upper (UCL) and
lower control limits (LCL).
Run charts -ANSWER-Form of control chart plotted in real-time for
processes that might have common features, a common scale, or
some form of central tendency
Histograms (or box chart) -ANSWER-Demonstrate the frequency of
data observations within a preset range of values.
,Pareto charts -ANSWER-Represents data values in a descending
(highest to lowest) order to visualize the most frequent occurrences.
Scatter Plot (diagrams) -ANSWER-Displays data as a relationship to
show the correlation between two variables.
Six Sigma -ANSWER-A continuous improvement strategy that relates
to the firm's ability to produce error free products. Specifically - 3.4
defects per 1 million units.
DMAIC
o Define
o Measure
o Analyze
o Improve
o Control
Total Quality Management (TQM) -ANSWER-Pertains to: focus on the
customer, quality function deployment, responsibility for quality,
team problem solving, employee training, fact-based management.
Employee Empowerment -ANSWER-Defined as involving employees in
every step--from product design, to process design, and system
design. Creating a workforce of empowered employees can improve
,employee morale, organizational efficiency, product and service
quality, and ultimately lead to higher customer satisfaction.
Supply chain -ANSWER-Encompasses all activities associated with the
flow and transfer of goods and services, from raw material extraction
through use by the final consumer.
Supply Chain Management -ANSWER-Taking actions to have all
members of the supply chain work together to coordinate their
activities and share information
Logistics -ANSWER-Managing the movement of materials,
components and information from point to point in the supply chain.
Reverse Logistics -ANSWER-Process of returning defective products to
the manufacturer for repair or replacement, and/or efforts to reuse
and recycle materials.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) -ANSWER-More robust data
driven system that stems from MRP II. Used when all corporate data
needs to be accessible to all employees.
Tangibles -ANSWER-Appearance of physical facilities, equipment,
personnel, and communication materials, including access and
effectiveness of Internet-based information.
, Performance -ANSWER-Primary operating characteristics of a product.
Features -ANSWER-Secondary characteristics that supplement the
product's basic functioning.
Reliability (quality of goods) -ANSWER-Length of time a product will
function before it fails, or the probability it will function for a stated
period of time.
Conformance -ANSWER-Degree to which a product's design and
operating characteristics match pre-established standards.
Durability -ANSWER-Ability of a product to function when subjected
to hard and frequent use.
Serviceability -ANSWER-Speed, courtesy, and competence of repair.
Aesthetics -ANSWER-How a product looks, feels, sounds, tastes, or
smells.
Perceived Quality -ANSWER-The image, advertising, or brand name of
a product.