UTA NURS 5334 Advanced Pharmacology for Nurse
Practitioners: Midterm Exam (Units 1-7) - Questions with
Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Most drugs are excreted primarily by the:
A. Lungs
B. Skin
C. Sweat glands
D. Kidneys
Correct Answer: D. Kidneys
Rationale: Renal.
2. Serotonin syndrome can occur when combining:
A. SSRIs with acetaminophen
B. ACE inhibitors with diuretics
C. Statins with aspirin
D. SSRIs with tramadol, triptans, linezolid or MAOIs
Correct Answer: D. SSRIs with tramadol, triptans, linezolid or MAOIs
Rationale: Serotonergic.
3. Steady state is typically reached after about:
A. 1 half-life
B. 10 half-lives
C. 2 hours always
D. 4-5 half-lives
Correct Answer: D. 4-5 half-lives
Rationale: Accumulation.
4. Drugs that can follow zero-order kinetics at therapeutic or high doses include:
A. Amoxicillin
B. Lisinopril
C. Phenytoin, ethanol and high-dose aspirin
D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C. Phenytoin, ethanol and high-dose aspirin
Rationale: Saturation.
5. The cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolizing about half of all drugs is:
A. CYP3A4
B. CYP1A2
C. CYP2E1
D. CYP2C19 only
Correct Answer: A. CYP3A4
Rationale: Major enzyme.
6. A prodrug is:
A. A drug with no metabolism
B. An inactive compound converted to an active drug by metabolism
C. A placebo
D. An antidote
Correct Answer: B. An inactive compound converted to an active drug by metabolism
Rationale: e.g., codeine, clopidogrel.
,7. A drug's elimination half-life increases in:
A. Young adults
B. Renal or hepatic impairment for drugs cleared by those organs
C. Healthy organs
D. Dehydration only always
Correct Answer: B. Renal or hepatic impairment for drugs cleared by those organs
Rationale: Organ function.
8. Creatinine clearance is commonly estimated using the:
A. Cockcroft-Gault equation
B. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
C. Parkland formula
D. Friedewald equation
Correct Answer: A. Cockcroft-Gault equation
Rationale: Renal dosing.
9. Bioavailability of an IV drug is:
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. Variable below 10%
D. 0%
Correct Answer: A. 100%
Rationale: Direct circulation.
10. Tachyphylaxis is:
A. Slow tolerance
B. Allergy
C. Overdose
D. Rapidly developing tolerance after repeated doses
Correct Answer: D. Rapidly developing tolerance after repeated doses
Rationale: e.g., nitrates.
11. A black box warning indicates:
A. A minor side effect
B. The FDA's most serious warning about significant risks
C. A drug recall
D. Over-the-counter status
Correct Answer: B. The FDA's most serious warning about significant risks
Rationale: Boxed warning.
12. An adverse drug reaction differs from a side effect in that an ADR:
A. Is always mild
B. Is an unintended, harmful response at normal doses
C. Is expected and harmless
D. Only occurs with overdose
Correct Answer: B. Is an unintended, harmful response at normal doses
Rationale: Harm.
, 13. QT prolongation risk increases with combinations of:
A. Amoxicillin and acetaminophen
B. Metformin and insulin
C. Macrolides, fluoroquinolones, ondansetron and some antipsychotics
D. Calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: C. Macrolides, fluoroquinolones, ondansetron and some antipsychotics
Rationale: Torsades risk.
14. Efficacy refers to:
A. The dose needed
B. The maximum effect a drug can produce
C. The half-life
D. Cost
Correct Answer: B. The maximum effect a drug can produce
Rationale: Maximal response.
15. Tolerance is:
A. An allergic reaction
B. Addiction
C. A reduced response to a drug requiring higher doses for the same effect
D. Toxicity
Correct Answer: C. A reduced response to a drug requiring higher doses for the same effect
Rationale: Adaptation.
16. Error-prone abbreviations such as 'QD' and 'U' should be:
A. Used routinely
B. Avoided (write 'daily' and 'units')
C. Preferred
D. Required
Correct Answer: B. Avoided (write 'daily' and 'units')
Rationale: ISMP.
17. ACE inhibitors and ARBs during pregnancy are:
A. First-line antihypertensives
B. Contraindicated because of fetal renal toxicity (especially 2nd and 3rd trimesters)
C. Safe in all trimesters
D. Recommended for preeclampsia
Correct Answer: B. Contraindicated because of fetal renal toxicity (especially 2nd and 3rd
trimesters)
Rationale: Fetotoxic.
18. Valproate in pregnancy is associated with:
A. No risk
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes
D. Neural tube defects and neurodevelopmental effects
Correct Answer: D. Neural tube defects and neurodevelopmental effects
Rationale: Teratogen.
Practitioners: Midterm Exam (Units 1-7) - Questions with
Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Most drugs are excreted primarily by the:
A. Lungs
B. Skin
C. Sweat glands
D. Kidneys
Correct Answer: D. Kidneys
Rationale: Renal.
2. Serotonin syndrome can occur when combining:
A. SSRIs with acetaminophen
B. ACE inhibitors with diuretics
C. Statins with aspirin
D. SSRIs with tramadol, triptans, linezolid or MAOIs
Correct Answer: D. SSRIs with tramadol, triptans, linezolid or MAOIs
Rationale: Serotonergic.
3. Steady state is typically reached after about:
A. 1 half-life
B. 10 half-lives
C. 2 hours always
D. 4-5 half-lives
Correct Answer: D. 4-5 half-lives
Rationale: Accumulation.
4. Drugs that can follow zero-order kinetics at therapeutic or high doses include:
A. Amoxicillin
B. Lisinopril
C. Phenytoin, ethanol and high-dose aspirin
D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C. Phenytoin, ethanol and high-dose aspirin
Rationale: Saturation.
5. The cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolizing about half of all drugs is:
A. CYP3A4
B. CYP1A2
C. CYP2E1
D. CYP2C19 only
Correct Answer: A. CYP3A4
Rationale: Major enzyme.
6. A prodrug is:
A. A drug with no metabolism
B. An inactive compound converted to an active drug by metabolism
C. A placebo
D. An antidote
Correct Answer: B. An inactive compound converted to an active drug by metabolism
Rationale: e.g., codeine, clopidogrel.
,7. A drug's elimination half-life increases in:
A. Young adults
B. Renal or hepatic impairment for drugs cleared by those organs
C. Healthy organs
D. Dehydration only always
Correct Answer: B. Renal or hepatic impairment for drugs cleared by those organs
Rationale: Organ function.
8. Creatinine clearance is commonly estimated using the:
A. Cockcroft-Gault equation
B. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
C. Parkland formula
D. Friedewald equation
Correct Answer: A. Cockcroft-Gault equation
Rationale: Renal dosing.
9. Bioavailability of an IV drug is:
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. Variable below 10%
D. 0%
Correct Answer: A. 100%
Rationale: Direct circulation.
10. Tachyphylaxis is:
A. Slow tolerance
B. Allergy
C. Overdose
D. Rapidly developing tolerance after repeated doses
Correct Answer: D. Rapidly developing tolerance after repeated doses
Rationale: e.g., nitrates.
11. A black box warning indicates:
A. A minor side effect
B. The FDA's most serious warning about significant risks
C. A drug recall
D. Over-the-counter status
Correct Answer: B. The FDA's most serious warning about significant risks
Rationale: Boxed warning.
12. An adverse drug reaction differs from a side effect in that an ADR:
A. Is always mild
B. Is an unintended, harmful response at normal doses
C. Is expected and harmless
D. Only occurs with overdose
Correct Answer: B. Is an unintended, harmful response at normal doses
Rationale: Harm.
, 13. QT prolongation risk increases with combinations of:
A. Amoxicillin and acetaminophen
B. Metformin and insulin
C. Macrolides, fluoroquinolones, ondansetron and some antipsychotics
D. Calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: C. Macrolides, fluoroquinolones, ondansetron and some antipsychotics
Rationale: Torsades risk.
14. Efficacy refers to:
A. The dose needed
B. The maximum effect a drug can produce
C. The half-life
D. Cost
Correct Answer: B. The maximum effect a drug can produce
Rationale: Maximal response.
15. Tolerance is:
A. An allergic reaction
B. Addiction
C. A reduced response to a drug requiring higher doses for the same effect
D. Toxicity
Correct Answer: C. A reduced response to a drug requiring higher doses for the same effect
Rationale: Adaptation.
16. Error-prone abbreviations such as 'QD' and 'U' should be:
A. Used routinely
B. Avoided (write 'daily' and 'units')
C. Preferred
D. Required
Correct Answer: B. Avoided (write 'daily' and 'units')
Rationale: ISMP.
17. ACE inhibitors and ARBs during pregnancy are:
A. First-line antihypertensives
B. Contraindicated because of fetal renal toxicity (especially 2nd and 3rd trimesters)
C. Safe in all trimesters
D. Recommended for preeclampsia
Correct Answer: B. Contraindicated because of fetal renal toxicity (especially 2nd and 3rd
trimesters)
Rationale: Fetotoxic.
18. Valproate in pregnancy is associated with:
A. No risk
B. Hypertension
C. Diabetes
D. Neural tube defects and neurodevelopmental effects
Correct Answer: D. Neural tube defects and neurodevelopmental effects
Rationale: Teratogen.
