Praxis 5422 (Theories) Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Jean Piaget (cognitive)
Answer: Studied the cognitive development (sensorimotor stage, pre operational stage, concrete stage, and
formal operational stage) children in the early to mid 1900s. Piaget thought learning and cognitive
development was based on maturing cognitive function. He thought intelligence changes and increases as a
child has more experiences and grows older. He scientifically studied the logical abilities of children and
youth.
Question 2: sensormotor stage
Answer: From birth to around 2 years of age. This stage is focused on learning with the senses and
developing motor function. Problem solving is through trial and error and object permanence is developed.
This is the understanding that something exists even if it can't be observed visually.
Question 3: preoperational stage
Answer: Starts around age 2 and lasts through age 7. This stage is focused on symbolic learning, language
development, and imaginative play. Problem solving is egocentric, lacking the ability to see a perspective
other than their own.
Question 4: concrete operational stage
Answer: Starts around age 7 and lasts through 11 years of age. This stage is focused on logic and concrete
reasoning skills. These children can organize, quantify, and take the perspective of another person. Problem
solving is relational, and time, space, size, and other relational terms are conceptualized.
Question 5: formal operational stage
Answer: The of cognitive development (starts at 11 and continues throughout life) The formal operational
stage, as defined by Jean Piaget, is marked by abstract thinking and reasoning.
Question 6: Formal operational thinking includes
Answer: Logical deduction, abstract thoughts decision making, deductive logic, hypothetical situations,
problem solving with organization, drawing conclusions and opinions.
Question 7: logical deduction
Answer: A method of working out whether conclusions are true. You start out with some known facts, and
you work out the logical conclusions.
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, Question 8: abstract thought
Answer: thought about things that are not real or things that are only possibilities
Question 9: deductive logic
Answer: Type of reasoning where you start with general statements or facts and use them to make a specific
conclusion. If the starting statements are true, the conclusion you draw must also be true.
Question 10: hypothetical situation
Answer: made-up scenario or an imagined situation that explores what might happen under certain
conditions
Question 11: Problem solving with organization
Answer: involves breaking down a complex problem into smaller, manageable steps, creating a structured
approach to finding a solution.
Question 12: Drawing conclusions and Opinions
Answer: Drawing a conclusion means reaching a decision or judgment based on evidence, facts, or
reasoning. It involves making inferences from available information to come to a reasoned outcome.
Question 13: Example of drawing conclusions and opinions
Answer: If you know that the ground is wet and you see dark clouds in the sky, you might conclude that it
has been raining.
Question 14: example of deductive logic
Answer: All dogs bark. Rex is a dog. Therefore, Rex barks.
Question 15: premises
Answer: Premises: The starting points or assumptions that are taken to be true. Conclusion: The logical
result that follows from the premises. Validity: A deductive argument is considered valid if the conclusion
logically follows from the premises. Soundness: A deductive argument is sound if it is both valid and its
premises are actually true.
Question 16: example of construct validity
Answer: A math test with high construct validity accurately measures mathematical reasoning skills.
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Question 1: Jean Piaget (cognitive)
Answer: Studied the cognitive development (sensorimotor stage, pre operational stage, concrete stage, and
formal operational stage) children in the early to mid 1900s. Piaget thought learning and cognitive
development was based on maturing cognitive function. He thought intelligence changes and increases as a
child has more experiences and grows older. He scientifically studied the logical abilities of children and
youth.
Question 2: sensormotor stage
Answer: From birth to around 2 years of age. This stage is focused on learning with the senses and
developing motor function. Problem solving is through trial and error and object permanence is developed.
This is the understanding that something exists even if it can't be observed visually.
Question 3: preoperational stage
Answer: Starts around age 2 and lasts through age 7. This stage is focused on symbolic learning, language
development, and imaginative play. Problem solving is egocentric, lacking the ability to see a perspective
other than their own.
Question 4: concrete operational stage
Answer: Starts around age 7 and lasts through 11 years of age. This stage is focused on logic and concrete
reasoning skills. These children can organize, quantify, and take the perspective of another person. Problem
solving is relational, and time, space, size, and other relational terms are conceptualized.
Question 5: formal operational stage
Answer: The of cognitive development (starts at 11 and continues throughout life) The formal operational
stage, as defined by Jean Piaget, is marked by abstract thinking and reasoning.
Question 6: Formal operational thinking includes
Answer: Logical deduction, abstract thoughts decision making, deductive logic, hypothetical situations,
problem solving with organization, drawing conclusions and opinions.
Question 7: logical deduction
Answer: A method of working out whether conclusions are true. You start out with some known facts, and
you work out the logical conclusions.
Page 1
, Question 8: abstract thought
Answer: thought about things that are not real or things that are only possibilities
Question 9: deductive logic
Answer: Type of reasoning where you start with general statements or facts and use them to make a specific
conclusion. If the starting statements are true, the conclusion you draw must also be true.
Question 10: hypothetical situation
Answer: made-up scenario or an imagined situation that explores what might happen under certain
conditions
Question 11: Problem solving with organization
Answer: involves breaking down a complex problem into smaller, manageable steps, creating a structured
approach to finding a solution.
Question 12: Drawing conclusions and Opinions
Answer: Drawing a conclusion means reaching a decision or judgment based on evidence, facts, or
reasoning. It involves making inferences from available information to come to a reasoned outcome.
Question 13: Example of drawing conclusions and opinions
Answer: If you know that the ground is wet and you see dark clouds in the sky, you might conclude that it
has been raining.
Question 14: example of deductive logic
Answer: All dogs bark. Rex is a dog. Therefore, Rex barks.
Question 15: premises
Answer: Premises: The starting points or assumptions that are taken to be true. Conclusion: The logical
result that follows from the premises. Validity: A deductive argument is considered valid if the conclusion
logically follows from the premises. Soundness: A deductive argument is sound if it is both valid and its
premises are actually true.
Question 16: example of construct validity
Answer: A math test with high construct validity accurately measures mathematical reasoning skills.
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