Praxis 5422,, Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Define, manage, deliver, assess
Answer: Four guiding components of the ASCA National Model
Question 2: Define
Answer: Student Standards and Professional Standards
Question 3: Student Standards
Answer: ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success: K-12 College Career-Readiness Standards for
Every Student
Question 4: ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
Answer: exemplifies the developmental goals that each student should achieve at their age or course level
and can be used to set goals for each student to reach
Question 5: Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student
Answer: set of research-based standards that can be used to lead students toward being successful in their
desired and focused career field
Question 6: Professional standards or competencies
Answer: All school counselors should possess a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that help both the
students and the counselor themselves grow academically or professionally
Question 7: Manage
Answer: Program focus and planning tools
Question 8: Program focus
Answer: Because each school is unique in their methods and management, a school counseling program
must be focused on the needs of the specific school and should be tailored to its individual beliefs, vision
statement, and mission statement. School counselors should create a personalized vision statement (for the
school) that describes how future student goals should be achieved, as well as a mission statement that
clearly describes how the school should operate in order for students to reach their goals. With a focused
program established, educators are given the guiding resource they need to properly help students grow
effectively.
Page 1
,Question 9: Program planning
Answer: The vision statement and mission statement are important aspects of an effective counseling
program, but they must be monitored and adjusted constantly in order to remain the most beneficial to
students. The usage of Data and an Annual Data Review can help to measure the goals of a program that are
being accomplished.
Question 10: What three things are measured in a data review
Answer: Participation (to measure who is participating in the program's activities), Mindsets & Behaviors
(to measure what has been learned), and Outcome (to describe how achievement, attendance, and discipline
impact learning).
Question 11: Psychoanalytic Theory
Answer: focus on aspects of the unconscious and how they affect behavior Sigmund Freud-father of
psychoanalysis
Question 12: Freud's stages of psychosexual development
Answer: oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latent stage, and genital stage. Proper development in all
corresponding stages indicated healthy development.
Question 13: Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Answer: social interaction, one has during developmental stages.
Question 14: How did Erikson progress Freud's theory?
Answer: by acknowledging the initial stages of development and adding onto them by taking into account
social influences and later stages of life.
Question 15: Psychoanalytic Theories
Answer: Freud, Erikson
Question 16: Cognitive Development Theories
Answer: Piaget, Kohlberg, Bowlby
Question 17: Cognitive theories of development
Answer: focus on studying the mind and thought patterns and how these cognitive factors affect human
development
Page 2
, Question 18: Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Answer: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Sensorimotor toys
focus on motor activities, and pre-operational toys focus on developing language. Lastly, concrete and
formal operational stages involve understanding mental and abstract operations.
Question 19: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development(focus)
Answer: focusing on the moral aspects of human nature.
Question 20: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Answer: He claimed that humans develop in six stages associated directly with their moral influence and the
ability for moral reasoning. The main idea behind Kohlberg's theory is that as one learns right behavior from
wrong, their development progresses. This may look like individual learning not to lie to others. Critiques of
this theory explain that it does not account for physical development either, as well as relying heavily on
cultural characteristics, which are not the same across all societies. Therefore, markers of moral
development would be skewed if measured.
Question 21: Albert Bandura
Answer: social cognitive theory
Question 22: Define: 3 sets of standards
Answer: Student standards, Professional standards
Question 23: Define: Student Standards
Answer: ASCA Student Standards: Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
Question 24: ASCA Student Standards: Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
Answer: describe the knowledge, skills and attitudes students need to achieve academic success, college and
career readiness and social/emotional development. The standards are based on a survey of research and
best practices in student achievement from a wide array of educational standards and efforts.
Question 25: Mindset Standards
Answer: Includes standards related to students' psycho-social attitudes or beliefs about themselves in
relation to academic work. These make up the student's belief system as exhibited in behaviors.
Question 26: Behavior Standards
Answer: These standards include behaviors commonly associated with being a successful student. The
behaviors are visible, outward signs that a student is engaged as well as putting forth effort to learn.
Page 3
Question 1: Define, manage, deliver, assess
Answer: Four guiding components of the ASCA National Model
Question 2: Define
Answer: Student Standards and Professional Standards
Question 3: Student Standards
Answer: ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success: K-12 College Career-Readiness Standards for
Every Student
Question 4: ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
Answer: exemplifies the developmental goals that each student should achieve at their age or course level
and can be used to set goals for each student to reach
Question 5: Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student
Answer: set of research-based standards that can be used to lead students toward being successful in their
desired and focused career field
Question 6: Professional standards or competencies
Answer: All school counselors should possess a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that help both the
students and the counselor themselves grow academically or professionally
Question 7: Manage
Answer: Program focus and planning tools
Question 8: Program focus
Answer: Because each school is unique in their methods and management, a school counseling program
must be focused on the needs of the specific school and should be tailored to its individual beliefs, vision
statement, and mission statement. School counselors should create a personalized vision statement (for the
school) that describes how future student goals should be achieved, as well as a mission statement that
clearly describes how the school should operate in order for students to reach their goals. With a focused
program established, educators are given the guiding resource they need to properly help students grow
effectively.
Page 1
,Question 9: Program planning
Answer: The vision statement and mission statement are important aspects of an effective counseling
program, but they must be monitored and adjusted constantly in order to remain the most beneficial to
students. The usage of Data and an Annual Data Review can help to measure the goals of a program that are
being accomplished.
Question 10: What three things are measured in a data review
Answer: Participation (to measure who is participating in the program's activities), Mindsets & Behaviors
(to measure what has been learned), and Outcome (to describe how achievement, attendance, and discipline
impact learning).
Question 11: Psychoanalytic Theory
Answer: focus on aspects of the unconscious and how they affect behavior Sigmund Freud-father of
psychoanalysis
Question 12: Freud's stages of psychosexual development
Answer: oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latent stage, and genital stage. Proper development in all
corresponding stages indicated healthy development.
Question 13: Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Answer: social interaction, one has during developmental stages.
Question 14: How did Erikson progress Freud's theory?
Answer: by acknowledging the initial stages of development and adding onto them by taking into account
social influences and later stages of life.
Question 15: Psychoanalytic Theories
Answer: Freud, Erikson
Question 16: Cognitive Development Theories
Answer: Piaget, Kohlberg, Bowlby
Question 17: Cognitive theories of development
Answer: focus on studying the mind and thought patterns and how these cognitive factors affect human
development
Page 2
, Question 18: Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Answer: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Sensorimotor toys
focus on motor activities, and pre-operational toys focus on developing language. Lastly, concrete and
formal operational stages involve understanding mental and abstract operations.
Question 19: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development(focus)
Answer: focusing on the moral aspects of human nature.
Question 20: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Answer: He claimed that humans develop in six stages associated directly with their moral influence and the
ability for moral reasoning. The main idea behind Kohlberg's theory is that as one learns right behavior from
wrong, their development progresses. This may look like individual learning not to lie to others. Critiques of
this theory explain that it does not account for physical development either, as well as relying heavily on
cultural characteristics, which are not the same across all societies. Therefore, markers of moral
development would be skewed if measured.
Question 21: Albert Bandura
Answer: social cognitive theory
Question 22: Define: 3 sets of standards
Answer: Student standards, Professional standards
Question 23: Define: Student Standards
Answer: ASCA Student Standards: Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
Question 24: ASCA Student Standards: Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
Answer: describe the knowledge, skills and attitudes students need to achieve academic success, college and
career readiness and social/emotional development. The standards are based on a survey of research and
best practices in student achievement from a wide array of educational standards and efforts.
Question 25: Mindset Standards
Answer: Includes standards related to students' psycho-social attitudes or beliefs about themselves in
relation to academic work. These make up the student's belief system as exhibited in behaviors.
Question 26: Behavior Standards
Answer: These standards include behaviors commonly associated with being a successful student. The
behaviors are visible, outward signs that a student is engaged as well as putting forth effort to learn.
Page 3
